... by 10% with the onset of anoxia in goldfish telencephalic brain slices. Employing whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we found that, similar to severe hypoxia, the ROS scavengers N -acetyl cysteine (NAC) and MitoTEMPO, added during normoxic periods, depolarized membrane potential (severe hypoxia −73.6...

... and an upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation efficiency. The aim of this study was to decipher mechanisms underlying the increased mitochondrial coupling efficiency reported in fasted birds. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation activity, efficiency and membrane potential were measured in mitochondria isolated...

..., we recorded the electrical activities of both excitatory (pyramidal) and inhibitory (stellate) neurons. With anoxia, membrane potential ( V m ) depolarized in both cell types from −72.2 mV to −57.7 mV and from −64.5 mV to −46.8 mV in pyramidal and stellate neurons, respectively. While pyramidal cells...

... osmotic balance and cold tolerance in Drosophila . Insect Chill tolerance Osmotic balance Membrane potential Chill injury NMR Metabolomics Some cold-adapted insect species have evolved the ability to either tolerate or avoid ice crystal formation in the hemolymph and thus survive...

... have been associated with a loss and recovery of ion homeostasis (particularly extracellular [K + ], [K + ] o ) and accordingly onset of chill coma has been hypothesized to result from depolarization of membrane potential caused by loss of ion homeostasis. Here, we examined whether onset of chill coma...

...Heidi K. Grønlien; Anna Kari Rønnevig; Bjarne Hagen; Olav Sand SUMMARY The swimming behaviour of ciliates is mainly determined by membrane potential and transmembrane fluxes. In a chemical gradient, swimming ciliates may approach or move away from the source. Based on experiments on Paramecium...

.... * Author for correspondence (e-mail: nakaoka@bpe.es.osaka-u.ac.jp ) 13 11 2008 2009 spontaneous fluctuation membrane potential calcium Paramecium Animals alter their behavior in response to external stimuli. However,sometimes they spontaneously alter their behavior...

..., despite being derived from different parts of the contractile vacuole complex. No voltage-gated unit currents were observed in membrane patches from the vesicles. Vesicles derived from the radial arm showed a membrane potential of >10 mV, positive with reference to the cytosol, while those derived from...

... reverses at extracellular pH 6.6, due to the average cytosolic pH of 6.6 and near zero membrane potential difference, indicating that transport processes coupling H + influx to nutrient uptake would no longer occur. One possible explanation for this wide range of tolerance is that single cells must...

.... W. ( 1995 ). Plasma ammonia concentration in brown trout in soft acidic water and its relationship to decreased swimming performance. J. Exp. Biol. 198 , 2213 -2220. Beaumont, M. W., Taylor, E. W. and Butler, P. J. ( 2000 ). The resting membrane potential of white muscle from brown trout...

...U. I. M. Wiehart; S. W. Nicolson; E. Van Kerkhove SUMMARY Malpighian tubules of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor were isolated for intracellular measurement of basolateral ( V bl ) and,indirectly, apical ( V ap ) membrane potentials. In control Ringer (50 mmol l -1 K + , 140 mmol l -1 Na + ), V bl...

... against the coverslip by removing excess experimental solution and thereby lowering the surface boundary of the mineral oil, the CVC's membrane dynamics during exocytotic cycles were somewhat distorted. Fig. 1B shows a representative trace for the CV membrane potential during six exocytotic cycles...

... ) was significantly lower in ammonia-exposed animals, leading to a profound reduction in factorial aerobic scope (AMR/MMR). Reduced U crit was also linked to a reduction in maximum tailbeat frequency. Calculation of membrane potentials ( E M ) in the white muscle of fish swum to U crit revealed a significant partial...

... increase the probability of finding a sexual partner for pair formation (conjugation). The usual pattern of rhythmic, spontaneous depolarizations controlling the walking rhythm is absent in nonself-pheromone-stimulated cells. The remaining depolarizations arise from a 4 mV hyperpolarized membrane potential...

...Carl Hirschie Johnson; Yasuo Nakaoka; Isoji Miwa ABSTRACT In some neural models of circadian rhythmicity, membrane potential and transmembrane flux of potassium and calcium ions appear to play important roles in the entrainment and central mechanisms of the biological clock. We wondered whether...

... by Company of Biologists 1991 membrane potential voltage-clamp cirral movement Stylonychia mytilus The ciliary motor response in ciliates is closely coupled to membrane potential changes ( Machemer, 1986 , 1990 ). In Paramecium and Stylonychia , it has been established that membrane...

... as light intensity was increased and the cells almost stopped at the intensity at which they showed the maximum degree of photoaccumulation. When the intensity was increased further, the avoiding reaction was frequently observed. Step increases in the light intensity depolarized the membrane potential...

...Kohji Matsuoka; Yasuo Nakaoka ABSTRACT Paramecium bursaria shows phototaxis by accumulating in a lighted region. Intracellular recordings from both chlorella-containing and chlorella-free cells showed that a step-increase in the light intensity induced a steady depolarization of membrane potential...

... intracellular ammonia levels were equal to those predicted by the plasma to red cell pH gradient. Red cells are unusual in that hydrogen ions are passively distributed according to membrane potential (E M ), whereas in other tissues this is not the case. In white muscle, heart and brain under all experimental...

...David F. Moffett; Alan R. Koch ABSTRACT Basal membrane potential (V b ) and intracellular K + activity [(K + )i] were recorded, using microelectrodes, in isolated, superfused, short-circuited midgut of fifth instar larvae of Manduca sexta . The electrochemical gradient across the basal membrane...