...Matthew E. Pamenter ABSTRACT Hypoxia is one of the strongest environmental drivers of cellular and physiological adaptation. Although most mammals are largely intolerant of hypoxia, some specialized species have evolved mitigative strategies to tolerate hypoxic niches. Among the most hypoxia...

..., dropping their body temperature by 23–37°C, while others can only enter shallow torpor (e.g. pigeons, 3–10°C reduction). However, deep torpor in mammals can increase predation risk (unless animals are in burrows or caves), inhibit immune function and result in sleep deprivation, so even for species...

... elaboration. Vocal production Mammals Geometric morphometrics Contras-enhanced micro-CT Ultrasonic vocalization Advertisement signals used in reproductive contexts are among the most diverse and elaborate traits in the animal kingdom ( Bradbury and Vehrencamp, 2011 ). Understanding...

...-consistency individual variation and a wide spectrum of thermoregulatory strategies do exist, not only among species but also within single populations. The range of HI values observed in the mice studied here extends to ∼15% of the range noted among 50 different mammal species ( Boyles et al., 2013...

... and placental mammals. The allometric equations for both marsupials and placentals have an explicit, non-zero intercept, but the allometric exponent is higher in the equation for placentals than in that for marsupials. The approach followed here is extraordinarily versatile, and it has wider application...

... be inherited by future generations ( Jablonka and Raz, 2009 ; Richards, 2006 ), which could reflect the exposure to their parental or ancestral environmental conditions ( Dias and Ressler, 2014 ; Crews et al., 2007 ; Jensen 2013 ). It should be noted that epigenetic reprogramming would occur in mammals...

...Marie-Pierre Schippers; Christophe M. R. LeMoine; Grant B. McClelland Fuel selection patterns during exercise are thought to be conserved among sea-level native mammals when intensity is expressed relative to maximum aerobic capacity ( ). However, this claim is based on data from only a few species...

...   A. ( 1998 ). The use of the dimensionless Womersley number to characterize the unsteady nature of internal flow . J. Theor. Biol.   191 , 63 - 78 . Maier   W. ( 1993 ). Cranial morphology of the therian common ancestor, as suggested by the adaptations of neonate marsupials . In Mammal...

...Barry G. Lovegrove; Metobor O. Mowoe In this study we report on the evolution of micro-cursoriality, a unique case of cursoriality in mammals smaller than 1 kg. We obtained new running speed and limb morphology data for two species of elephant-shrews ( Elephantulus spp., Macroscelidae) from...

..., University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA allometry comparative method exercise locomotion mammals maximum oxygen consumption phylogeny V O 2max Although the idea of a ‘universal scaling constant’ is appealing, our analyses (and several others cited above) indicate...

...Benjamin D. Charlton Summary Experimental studies of mate choice have normally focused on non-mammal animal species, in which female mating preferences are based on clearly defined male traits. Because mammals are invariably larger and behaviourally more complex, they are less suited to this type...

...Paul L. Else Summary Lactation is a process associated with mammals, yet a number of birds feed their newly hatched young on secretions analogous to the milk of mammals. These secretions are produced from various sections (crop organ, oesophageal lining and proventriculus) of the upper digestive...

.... , Williams S. H. , Costley D. B. ( 2010 ). Allometry of masticatory loading parameters in mammals . Anat. Rec. 293A , 557 – 571 . Rawlinson S. C. F. , Mosley J. R. , Suswillo R. F. L. , Pitsillides A. A. , Lanyon L. E. ( 1995 ). Calvarial and limb bone cells...

... statuses. Our findings also highlight the potential role of cortisol as a mediator of such differences. * Author for correspondence ( david.costantini@glasgow.ac.uk ) 27 10 2011 © 2012. 2012 coping style personality oxidative stress cortisol open-field test mammals...

...C. F. Ross; A. L. Baden; J. Georgi; A. Herrel; K. A. Metzger; D. A. Reed; V. Schaerlaeken; M. S. Wolff SUMMARY Mammals chew more rhythmically than lepidosaurs. The research presented here evaluated possible reasons for this difference in relation to differences between lepidosaurs and mammals...

...Nadja Schilling; David R. Carrier SUMMARY In mammals, the epaxial muscles are believed to stabilize the trunk during walking and trotting because the timing of their activity is not appropriate to produce bending of the trunk. To test whether this is indeed the case, we recorded the activity...

... at longer SL in the non-mammalian classes. These findings correlate with in vivo cardiac function as non-mammalian vertebrates, such as fish,vary stroke volume to a relatively larger extent than mammals. Thus, it seems the length-dependent properties of individual myocytes are modified to accommodate...

... and cats. The space and time parameters make it possible to link the timing and the spacing of the footfalls, and to quantify the spatiotemporal dimension of gaits in different mammals. The slight differences observed between dogs and cats could reflect their morphological differences. The APS method could...

... © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 bone allometry mammals stress buckling locomotion muscle force * Author for correspondence (e-mail: jaff@fisica.ufmg.br ) Mammalian long-bone allometry is commonly discussed in terms of the allometric exponents d and l...

... of trabecular dimensions in mammals ranging in mass from 4 to 40×10 6 g. Trabecular size showed little dependence on body size, approaching one of our theoretical models (CTS). This result suggests that some elements of trabecular architecture may be driven by the requirements of maintaining adequate surface...