.... COMPETING INTERESTS No competing interests declared. 15 1 2013 8 7 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 avian locomotion spring-mass joint control biomechanics inverse dynamics joint stiffness When birds increase speed during terrestrial...

...Ansgar Büschges; Harald Wolf ABSTRACT Feedback systems that control the leg joints of animals must be highly flexible in adapting to different behavioural tasks. One manifestation of such flexibility is changes in the gain of joint control networks. The femur–tibia (FT) control network...

...Dagmar Bässler; Ansgar Büschges; Sabine Meditz; Ulrich Bässler ABSTRACT In orthopteran insects, neural networks for joint control exhibit different characteristics due to behavioural specializations. We investigated whether these differences are generated purely by the neuronal networks, or whether...

.... The fCO measures the position and movement of this joint (e.g. Bässler, 1965 , 1993 ; Burns, 1974 ; Usherwood et al . 1968 ; Zill, 1985 ). 04 01 1994 © 1994 by Company of Biologists 1994 movement detection chordotonal organ joint control walking system Cuniculina impigra...

... extensor motoneurones in a way that seems not always to support the generation of the visible resistance reflexes in the extensor tibiae motoneurones in response to imposed flexion and extension movements of the joint. The present investigation demonstrated interneuronal pathways in the joint-control loop...