... water was available). Life-history strategy influenced the emergency life-history stage because wing morphology and stressor(s) interacted to influence body mass, boldness behavior and immunocompetence. Our results demonstrate that water availability and life-history strategy should be incorporated...

... Immunocompetence Condition Cortisol Testosterone Reef fish Many individuals of different species engage in mutualistic interactions ( Bronstein, 2001 ). Partners in such interactions exchange goods in the form of a reward (food) or service (e.g. transport, pollination or protection) ( Bronstein, 2001...

.... Individuals fed a restricted diet showed reduced growth rates, depressed immunocompetence and a heightened glucocorticoid response. Once food restriction was lifted, animals experiencing nutritional stress early in life (low diet) caught up with the normal-diet group by increasing their growth, and were able...

... of carotenoids show no significant increase in oxidative stress or any loss of immune system function. Condition-dependent trait Immunocompetence Antioxidant Ornament An outstanding challenge in behavioral and evolutionary ecology is understanding how ornamental traits can serve as honest...

... important insights into the relative immunocompetence and capacity for biomineralization of hemocytes of two ecologically and economically important Crassostrea species that may have implications for mechanistic understanding of the species-specific differences in shell properties, mechanical protection...

... of sexually selected colourants?   Anim. Behav.   69 , 757 - 764 . 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.06.022 McGraw , K. J. and Ardia , D. R. ( 2003 ). Carotenoids, immunocompetence, and the information content of sexual colors: an experimental test . Am. Nat.   162 , 704 - 712 . 10.1086/378904...

... compromise immunity for other functions. As with energy, water limitation can also alter various physiological processes, yet water has received little consideration for its possible role in modulating immune functions. We examined the relationship between immunocompetence and hydration state using...

... techniques for ecological studies in this study system. Six hours after the injections, we sampled snail haemolymph to estimate the immunocompetence of target snails. We removed the snails from their containers, blotted them dry and collected haemolymph samples by gently tapping the foot of each snail...

...Brittney C. Hopkins; Stephanie Y. Chin; John D. Willson; William A. Hopkins SUMMARY Immune function early in life can be influenced by parental effects and the environment, but it remains unclear how these two factors may interact to influence immunocompetence. We evaluated maternal...

... ectotherm. * Author for correspondence ( lmzimme@ilstu.edu ) 13 1 2010 © 2010. 2010 immunocompetence ectotherm seasonal The immune system of vertebrates evolved as a complex and multilayered defense against the near constant threat of parasitism ( Kaufmann et al., 2002...

... humoral immunity immunocompetence oxidative stress stress As a response to stressful situations, glucocorticoids, such as corticosterone in birds, are secreted to induce behavioural and physiological changes allowing an organism to cope with the demanding situation( Wingfield and Hunt, 2002...

... into our interpretation of variation in PHA response. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: c.biard@klivv.oeaw.ac.at ) 22 2 2009 2009 bill colour blackbird carotenoid-based signals cell-mediated immune response immunocompetence The study of immunocompetence, i.e...

... development immunocompetence life-history maternal effects androgens A major objective of evolutionary biology is to relate phenotypic variation to fitness and, thus, to understand how variation is generated and lost. The prevailing view that an individual's phenotype reflects the interaction...

... The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 stress-induced immunosuppression red knot corticosterone immunocompetence Strenuous exercise in humans and mice can result in suppressed immune function ( Hoffmann-Goetz and Pedersen,1994 ; Nieman and Nehlsen-Cannarella, 1994 ). In birds...

... and species patterns of avian influenza viruses among wild birds . Master thesis, Graduate Faculty of the University of Georgia, Athens, GA,USA. Hasselquist, D., Marsh, J. A., Sherman, P. W. and Wingfield, J. C. ( 1999 ). Is avian immunocompetence suppressed by testosterone? Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 45...