.../licenses/by/4.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. Contact angle Menisci Fluid dynamics Lepidoptera Sphingidae Directorate for Biological Sciences https://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000076...

... and stopping vortices are consistent with predictions of computational fluid dynamic models of the rowing oblate medusa Aequorea victoria ( Sahin et al., 2009 ). In C. mosaicus it is apparent that the flexible bell margin plays a role in the modulation of the fluid movements that results in thrust, via...

... Energetics of locomotion Escape manoeuvre Fluid dynamics Muscle development Zebrafish After hatching from the egg, most bony fish continue life as a larva, a few millimetres in length, that needs to survive autonomously. They have to hunt prey to gather resources for their growth and development...

...) that appear in biological systems. Flow field Fluid dynamics Streamlines Flow visualization is an essential technique for studying biological processes arising in many diverse areas, including ecology ( Rohr et al., 2002 ), biomechanics ( Bartol et al., 2016 ) and molecular biology ( Boot et...

.... Fluid dynamics Myocardium Immersed boundary method Ascidian Many animals contract flexible, muscular tubes to drive viscous fluid through smaller, resistive tubes, including hearts in several phyla ( Xavier-Neto et al., 2007 , 2010 ), drinking in butterflies and moths ( Krenn, 2010...

.... The feeding ecology of goldfish and bluegill differs considerably and this may be partially due to differences in fluid dynamics and kinematics. Bluegill are the most planktivorous of all centrarchid species ( Collar et al., 2009 ), feeding on both midwater cladocerans and benthic insects. In contrast...

... no obvious morphological adaptations to life in lotic habitats. We therefore asked whether small size itself facilitates benthic station holding in these fish. We first used digital particle image velocimetry to quantify the fluid dynamics of flow over a variety of substrates. We then visualized the patterns...

.... * Author for correspondence (e-mail: tytell@umd.edu ) 1 9 2008 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 fluid dynamics escape response C-start turning maneuvering bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus particle image velocimetry The escape response (also called a C...

... upstream fluid dynamics locomotion As a swimming or flying animal moves through its environment, the surrounding water or air is disturbed, resulting in currents of rotating fluid that are left behind in the animal's wake. Over the past few decades, studies of fish swimming ( Muller et al.,1997...

...Jifeng Peng; John O. Dabiri SUMMARY The fluid dynamic analysis of animal wakes is becoming increasingly popular in studies of animal swimming and flying, due in part to the development of quantitative flow visualization techniques such as digital particle imaging velocimetry (DPIV). In most studies...

... model of the animal–fluid interactions that dictate this trade-off is developed and validated by comparison with morphological data collected from 660 extant medusan species ranging in size from 300 μm to over 2 m. These results demonstrate a biomechanical basis linking fluid dynamics and the evolution...

... the wake vortex boundary, according to recently developed fluid dynamics theory. Momentum of the vortex wake and its added-mass were determined and the corresponding instantaneous locomotive forces were quantified at discrete time points during the fin stroke. The instantaneous forces estimated...

...: Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park,MD 20742, USA (e-mail: tytell@post.harvard.edu ) 7 2 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 fluid dynamics streamwise vortex particle image velocimetry median fin dorsal fin anal fin vortex wake body shape...

...-mail: tytell@oeb.harvard.edu 10 6 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 eel Anguilla rostrata wake structure particle image velocimetry fish fluid dynamics efficiency swimming speed kinematics For most of the past century, fish swimming studies have focused...

...-amplitude elongated body theory and to a previous computational fluid dynamic model and note several discrepancies between the models and the measured values. The wake of steadily swimming eels differs substantially in structure from the wake of previously studied carangiform fishes in that it lacks any...

...@biology.gatech.edu ) 1 10 2002 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2003 2003 chemosensation drag fluid dynamics optimal foraging models predation sensory systems olfaction Callinectis sapidus crab Aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates, such as arthropods, rely heavily...

... 10 1998 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1998 myxinoid kidney Eptatretus stouti perfused glomerulus fluid dynamics glomerular filtration rate glomerular-capillary pressure The structure of the hagfish mesonephros is the simplest of any known vertebrate: it consists...

... and Company, Inc., Two Crossroads Drive, Bedminster, NJ 07921, USA (e-mail: james–glasheen@mcKinsey.com ). 14 08 1996 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1996 basilisk lizard allometry locomotion fluid dynamics air–water interface unsteady flow biomechanics running on water...