... and gastrointestinal tract through the time course of volume changes. Fat content sensitivity enabled the analysis of flight muscles transformation during the metamorphosis by the signal histogram and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Although the transformation during metamorphosis is well known, MRM enables...

... muscle, heart and liver of ruby-throated hummingbirds ( Archilochus colubris ). The GLUTs examined were detected in nearly all tissues tested. Hepatic GLUT1 was minimally present in whole-tissue homogenates and absent win PM fractions. GLUT5 was expressed in flight muscles at levels comparable to those...

...James F. Staples; Erin L. Koen; Terence M. Laverty SUMMARY In the flight muscles of European bumblebees, high activities of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FbPase) relative to phosphofructokinase (PFK)have suggested a thermogenic `futile cycle' important for regional endothermy. We find generally low...

...David T. Sullivan; R. MacIntyre; N. Fuda; J. Fiori; J. Barrilla; L. Ramizel SUMMARY In Drosophila flight muscles, glycolytic enzymes are co-localized along sarcomeres at M-lines and Z-discs and co-localization is required for normal flight. We have extended our analysis of this phenomenon...

...Gerhard Wegener; Volker Tschiedel; Paul Schlöder; Osamu Ando SUMMARY The main blood sugar of locusts is trehalose, which is hydrolysed to two glucose units by trehalase. Homogenates of locust flight muscles are rich in trehalase activity, which is bound to membranes. A minor fraction of trehalase...

...O. T. Morris; C. Duch; P. A. Stevenson ABSTRACT The synaptic potentials generated in neuromodulatory octopaminergic dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurones by afferents excited by twitch contractions of a dorso-ventral flight muscle were investigated in the locust. Responses to stimulation...

...Jim O. Vigoreaux; Carmen Hernandez; Jeff Moore; Gretchen Ayer; David Maughan ABSTRACT We have developed a reverse-genetic approach to study the function of flightin, a unique protein of the flight muscle myofibril of Drosophila melanogaster . We describe the generation and characterization of Df(3L...

... evolution flight muscle flight control starling Sturnus vulgaris pigeon Columba livia The evolution of powered flight in birds from their theropod ancestors, beginning with the Late Jurassic form Archaeopteryx , demonstrates a number of advanced musculoskeletal reconfigurations...

...Robert K. Josephson; C. P. Ellington ABSTRACT Isometric contractions from the asynchronous dorso-ventral flight muscle of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris were slow and rather weak. The twitch duration (onset to 50 % relaxation) was approximately 300 ms at 30 °C and 170 ms at 40 °C. The maximum...

...Robert K. Josephson ABSTRACT Length–tension relationships and work output were investigated in the intact, dorso-ventral flight muscle of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris . The muscle is an asynchronous muscle. Like other asynchronous flight muscles, it has high resting stiffness and produces...

...Robert K. Josephson ABSTRACT The work loop approach was used to measure mechanical power output from an asynchronous flight muscle, the dorso-ventral muscle of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris . Measurements were made at the optimum muscle length for work output at 30 °C and at a muscle temperature...

...Marcus J. King; Stephen L. Buchmann; Hayward Spangler ABSTRACT The indirect flight muscles of bees are used to produce a variety of actions in addition to flight, including sonication, which has a higher frequency than flight. We observed the dynamic movement of the scutum during sonication...

.... However, the strength and duration of the contralateral response is always diminished compared with those of the injection side, which would be expected for effects mediated by diffusion across the ganglion. An exception is the short-term activation of adjacent flight muscles by octopamine. In this case...

...Matthew D. Whim; Peter D. Evans ABSTRACT The role of cyclic AMP in the octopaminergic modulation of the dorsal longitudinal flight muscles of the locust Schistocerca gregaria has been investigated. Several techniques have been used to elevate cyclic AMP levels in this tissue by mechanisms...

...HARALD ESCH; FRANZ GOLLER The big indirect flight muscles in the thorax of honeybees and bumblebees show two modes of action: they contract with ‘conventional’ twitches in response to slowly repeated muscle potentials and go into tetanus at higher muscle potential frequencies. They can also...

... behaviour and designated it ‘pseudo-flight behaviour’. * Present address: Department of Biology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-01, Japan. † To whom offprint requests should be sent. 14 8 1990 © 1991 by Company of Biologists 1991 cricket flight muscle...

... to estimate climbing power, maximum aerodynamic power output, and performance consequences of loads in the form of radiotracking equipment. 06 12 1989 © 1990 by Company of Biologists 1990 birds flight muscle lift power load-lifting flight Measuring the rate of gain...

.... A very thin filament was seen connecting the A-filament to the Z-line in insect fibrillar flight muscle (Auber & Couteaux, 1963, cited by White, 1983 ) and was thought to be the basis for the high resting tension of that muscle ( White, 1983 ). Connecting filaments have now also been seen...

...Matthew D. Whim; Peter D. Evans ABSTRACT The modulatory actions of octopamine on neurally induced twitch tension in the dorsal longitudinal flight muscles of the locust are described. Octopamine increases the amplitude of twitch tension, the rate of twitch contraction and the rate of twitch...

... flight muscle Manduca muscle ultrastructure motor patterns insect muscle The wings of a flying insect move in a complicated path that may vary from stroke to stroke. The movements relative to the long axis of the body can be approximated at the wing tip by a distorted figure eight...