...-D kinematics of individual dorsal and anal fin rays were analyzed. Movement and orientation of the fin rays relative to the body axis were calculated throughout the duration of the C-start. We found that: (1) timing and magnitude of angular displacement varied among fin rays based on position within...

...Natalia K. Taft; Benjamin N. Taft SUMMARY Fin ray structure in ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) largely defines fin function. Fin rays convert the muscle activity at the base of the fin to shape changes throughout the external fin web. Despite their critical functional significance, very little...

...Christopher J. Esposito; James L. Tangorra; Brooke E. Flammang; George V. Lauder SUMMARY We designed a robotic fish caudal fin with six individually moveable fin rays based on the tail of the bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus . Previous fish robotic tail designs have loosely resembled...

...James L. Tangorra; George V. Lauder; Ian W. Hunter; Rajat Mittal; Peter G. A. Madden; Meliha Bozkurttas SUMMARY A biorobotic pectoral fin was developed and used to study how the flexural rigidities of fin rays within a highly deformable fish fin affect the fin's propulsive forces. The design...