... and defense behaviors are dependent on multiple factors including prior aggression, age, sex, and rearing location. Escape Hunting Aggression Insect predators Looming National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 IOS-1557228 IOS-1557279 Case Western Reserve...

...Kiran Bhattacharyya; David L. McLean; Malcolm A. MacIver ABSTRACT Escape maneuvers are key determinants of animal survival and are under intense selection pressure. A number of escape maneuver parameters contribute to survival, including response latency, escape speed and direction. However...

.... In order to mitigate the impacts of invasive predators on native species in different landscapes, we must understand how the prey's morphology and performance determine their survival. Here, we evaluated how phenotypic traits related to escape performance predict the probability of survival...

... measure the kinematics of their escape behaviors. The field experiment using free-swimming yellowtail kingfish ( Seriola lalandi ) showed that the loggers trigger correctly. We suggest that this new logger can be applied to measure the burst movements of various small and agile animals. * Present...

... of an animal's behavior in its natural environment. In this Review, we describe current knowledge – acquired through both laboratory and field studies – on the visually guided escape behavior of the crab Neohelice granulata . Analyses of the behavioral responses to visual stimuli in the laboratory have revealed...

...Benjamin H. Bishop; Nathan Spence-Chorman; Ethan Gahtan ABSTRACT Escape behaviors have been studied in zebrafish by neuroscientists seeking cellular-level descriptions of neural circuits but few studies have examined vertical swimming during escapes. We analyzed three-dimensional swimming paths...

... and kinematics in hovering. Herein, we use three-dimensional kinematic data to begin to test for similar convergence of kinematics used for escape flight and to explore the effects of body size upon manoeuvring. We studied four hummingbird species in North America including two large species (magnificent...

... in the brain. Yet, studies on the neural substrate that can account for interpopulation behavioural adaptations are scarce. Predation is one of the strongest driving forces for behavioural evolvability and, consequently, for shaping structural and functional brain adaptations. We analysed the escape response...

... light. (E) Response to red light. (F) Second exposure response to UVR. The observation that light stimuli on the tail can evoke an escape response suggested that sensilla also responded to UVR. Kretz et al. demonstrated that the segmental receptors have very similar response properties...

... of the sunfish against roll and pitch movements during the C-start. Furthermore, the erection of the fins increases the moment of inertia to make the roll and pitch movements more difficult. © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 C-start rapid start escape fin numerical simulation...

... we assessed the effect of sampling frequency (aliasing) on activity detection probability using the great sculpin ( Myoxocephalus polyacanthoceaphalus ) as a model species. Feeding strikes and escape responses (fast-start activities) and spontaneous movements among seven different great sculpin were...

... velocities are nearly 1 m s –1 . In this escape, Stage 1 lasted for 32 ms and Stage 2 for 25 ms; therefore, the whole escape lasted 57 ms. Only every fourth vector is shown for clarity. The arrow in the right column in A indicates the non-dimensional velocity unit vector. Fig. 4. The flow in the midplane...

...Mana Mirjany; Thomas Preuss; Donald S. Faber SUMMARY Goldfish ( Carassius auratus ) escape responses to sudden auditory stimuli are mediated by a pair of reticulospinal neurons, the Mauthner (M-) cells, which integrate mechanosensory inputs from the inner ear and the lateral line (LL) to initiate...

...Mana Mirjany; Donald S. Faber SUMMARY The goldfish Mauthner (M-) cells, a bilateral pair of reticulospinal neurons, initiate the auditory evoked escape behavior of teleosts. In an open field the fish reliably turns away from the sound source. This implies that the M-cells are capable of a decision...

...-responsiveness after injury extends to visual stimuli. Injured squid are more likely to employ crypsis than escape in response to an approaching visual stimulus shortly after injury, but initiate escape earlier and continue escape behaviors for longer when tested from 1 to 48 h after injury. Injury failed...

..., which are in contrast to observations at other synapses, and the two-component depression suggest atypical release properties at the output synapses of the Mauthner cell, which triggers an escape behavior. We suggest that the second component of depression provides an additional safety factor to prevent...

... recorded in vivo muscular mechanical power from work-loop mechanics using surgically implanted sonomicrometry (measuring muscle length change) and strain gauges (measuring muscle force) in four species of Corvidae performing burst take-off and vertical escape flight. The scale relationships derived...

...Yoshichika Baba; Akira Tsukada; Christopher M. Comer SUMMARY Cockroaches were observed with videographic methods as escape running was initiated, but with obstacles in the path of their run. The goal was to determine the repertoire of possible responses to obstacles and the sensory cues used...

...A. K. Greenwood; C. L. Peichel; S. J. Zottoli SUMMARY Despite the key function of the Mauthner cells (M-cells) in initiating escape responses and thereby promoting survival, there are multiple examples of M-cell loss across the teleost phylogeny. Only a few studies have directly considered...

... of a hardwired neural circuit previously described to produce reflexive responses to tactile stimulation. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: jherberholz@psyc.umd.edu ) 12 2 2008 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 behavioral choice crayfish escape giant neuron predator...