... Ground reaction forces Bone adaptation Cortical bone Trabecular bone Osteoprogenitor cells Mechanical loading Numerous aspects of organismal structure and function can be positively affected by load-bearing exercise, not least of which is the skeleton. Studies of humans and other animals...

...-mail: kcarlson@nyit.edu ) 30 6 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 cortical bone turning femur mouse bone adaptation force Embracing behavioral variability within locomotor repertoires of free-ranging animals is an emerging topic among those who model the mechanics...

... cortical bone. Using strain-mode-specific (S-M-S) testing (compression testing of bone habitually loaded in compression; tension testing of bone habitually loaded in tension),the relative mechanical importance of CFO and other material characteristics were examined in equine third metacarpals (MC3s...

.... However, the goals towards which such adaptations are directed remain unclear. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: jskedros@utahboneandjoint.com ) 22 2 2003 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2003 2003 horse, safety factor bone adaptation cortical bone equine third...

... of trabeculae, where present, was between 78.7 and 90.9 % of that of the adjacent cortical bone. The possible causes of this are briefly discussed. Microhardness tests offer the opportunity to gauge differences in mechanical properties over small distances and might usefully be applied to test the homogeneity...