.... Cholinergic blockade increased resting blood pressure ( P m ) and heart rate ( f H ) in both sexes at 75% and 90% of incubation. However, the magnitude of the f H response was enhanced in males compared with females at 90% of incubation. β-adrenergic blockade increased P m at 75% of incubation in both sexes...

..., the adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, significantly increased surfactant secretion in both warm-active and torpid squirrel type II cells. However, the cholinergic agonist, carbamylcholine chloride, only increased secretion in torpid squirrel type II cells when incubated at 4°C. Torpor did not affect basal cAMP...

... that control heart rate during heating and cooling are unknown. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that changes in cholinergic and adrenergic tone on the heart are responsible for the heart rate hysteresis during heating and cooling in P. barbata . Heating and cooling trials were conducted before...

... . Following atropine treatment, Q̇ was maintained but heart rate increased and stroke volume decreased. Resting heart rate resulted from an inhibitory cholinergic tone of 80.4% and an excitatory adrenergic tone of 27.5%. The intrinsic heart rate was 21.7 beats min −1 at 0°C. In quiescent P. borchgrevinki at 0...