... and the environment need further investigation. Embryonic physical activity in ovo was measured over a 5 min period using previously described methods ( Al-Musawi et al., 2011 ; Hammond et al., 2007 ). Measurement of total body movements was carried out in ED5–10 chick embryos, using four embryos per ED and per...

... vessel numerical density chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane morphometry Avian eggs contain all the necessary materials for embryonic development other than oxygen, which diffuses in from the environment via pores in the hard, calcified eggshell. There are two fibrous eggshell membranes...

... ligation (LAL) or arterial load via right vitelline artery ligation (VAL) in Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) stage 21 chick embryos. Embryos were reincubated for 1 h (HH21), 14 h (HH24) or 30 h(HH27). At each stage we measured simultaneous dorsal aortic blood pressure and flow, and calculated arterial compliance...

...Nicolette T. C. Ursem; Sandra Stekelenburg-de Vos; Juriy W. Wladimiroff; Robert E. Poelmann; Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot; Norman Hu; Edward B. Clark SUMMARY Alteration of extra-embryonic venous blood flow in stage-17 chick embryos results in well-defined cardiovascular malformations. We...

...Sandra Stekelenburg-de Vos; Nicolette T. C. Ursem; Wim C. J. Hop; Juriy W. Wladimiroff; Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot; Robert E. Poelmann SUMMARY In the venous clip model specific cardiac malformations are induced in the chick embryo by obstructing the right lateral vitelline vein...

...Stefanie Dragon; Cynthia Carey; Kathy Martin; Rosemarie Baumann ABSTRACT In chick embryos, developmental changes of the blood oxygen tension control hemoglobin (Hb) oxygen affinity via modulation of ATP and 2,3BPG concentrations in red blood cells. Hypoxia, which is a normal developmental condition...