... has great potential to mechanistically link organ form and function with their molecular underpinnings. Cardiovascular Environment Heart Phenotypic plasticity Species diversity The heart has long been recognized as an important organ. Egyptian hieroglyphs, for example, show how...

... Snake Cardiovascular Blood pressure Baroreception Phenylephrine Nitroprusside Autonomic control Fundação de Amparo à pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001807 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico http://dx.doi.org...

... across the gills (i.e. the osmo-respiratory compromise), affects these processes. We measured cardiovascular and blood variables of rainbow trout acclimated to freshwater and seawater during acute warming from 11 to 17°C. Relative to freshwater-acclimated trout, cardiac output was 34% and 55% higher...

.... However, some physiological adaptations to diving observed in mammals are absent in marine turtles. This study examined cardiovascular responses in loggerhead sea turtles, which have even fewer adaptations to diving than other marine turtles, but can dive for extended durations. Heart rates ( f H...

... ). Elucidating the responses and role of the cardiovascular system in crocodilians during diving: Fifty years on from the work of C.G. Wilber . Comp Biochem. Physiol.   160A , 1 - 8 . 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.05.015 Axelsson , M. , Holm , S. and Nilsson , S. ( 1989 ). Flow dynamics...

... of Biologists Ltd 2018 http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: Late stage snapping turtle embryos present increased oxygen carrying capacity and decreased cardiac output index and heart rate, which contribute to the reported patterns of turtle whole-egg V̇ O 2 . Cardiovascular...

... partial collapse of abdominal veins to smooth flow from the inferior vena cava. Cardiovascular Diving adaptations Diving mammal Extradural vein Fluking Morphology The vascular systems of diving mammals are highly adapted to swimming on a breath-hold under high hydrostatic pressures...

... the cardiovascular system. Pressure differentials could arise from ventral compression on each fluke downstroke or by a faster equilibration of the abdominal compartment with changing ambient ocean pressures compared with the thoracic compartment. If significant pressure differentials do develop, we would expect...

.../ Summary: Artificially elevating heart rate reduces stroke volume, leading to cardiac output ‘autoregulation’; adrenergic stimulation is needed to concurrently increase myocardial contractility to maintain stroke volume and increase cardiac output. Cardiovascular Heart rate Stroke volume...

...) show a large capacity for cardiac shunting. Cardiovascular Cardiac shunting Reptile Blood flow Perfused heart Since the advent of air-breathing, the morphology of the vertebrate heart has undergone extensive remodelling to accommodate perfusion of the lungs by virtue of a pulmonary...

... for saline. In the parallel experiments where we measured cardiovascular and respiratory responses to increased temperature, PHZ significantly reduced Hct from 41±2% to 18±4%; values that did not differ significantly from those of fish used to determine CT max . increased significantly as temperature...

... the experiments; D.F. performed the experiments; T.W., D.F. and J.O. analysed data and wrote the MS. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 10 3 2014 12 9 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Cardiovascular Digestion...

... interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 17 3 2014 27 5 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Rhinella marina Cardiovascular Blood flow The amphibian cardiovascular system is characterized by having a single ventricle...

... , 81 - 95 . Lillywhite   H. B. ( 2005 ) Cardiovascular adaptations to gravity: lessons from comparative studies of snakes . In Current Concepts (Adaptation Biology and Medicine) , Vol. 4 (ed. Hargens   A. , Takeda   N. , Singal   P. K. ), pp. 68 - 81 . New Delhi, India...

... 2013 cardiovascular scope temperature conservation physiology Anthropogenic climate change is now regarded as one of the greatest threats to biodiversity and the abundance and distribution of species. Projections for future climate change indicate that 15–37% of species may be committed...

... difficulties have precluded an understanding of the cardiovascular responses to T a in free-swimming bluefin tunas. We measured the heart rate ( f H ) responses of two captive Pacific bluefin tunas ( Thunnus orientalis ; 9.7 and 13.3 kg) over a cumulative period of 40 days. Routine f H during fasting...

...Travis Alvine; Turk Rhen; Dane A. Crossley, II SUMMARY We investigated sex differences in cardiovascular maturation in embryos of the snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina , a species with temperature-dependent sex determination. One group of eggs was incubated at 26.5°C to produce males. Another...

... that may be tempered in vivo by the accumulation of acidotic waste during anoxia. * Author for correspondence ( lague@zoology.ubc.ca ) 12 12 2011 © 2012. 2012 heart cardiovascular hypoxia energy metabolism acidosis fish Environmental hypoxia occurs commonly in aquatic...

... favorable during acute exposure to conditions of low oxygen. * Author for correspondence ( carl.reiber@unlv.edu ) 22 8 2011 © 2011. 2011 crustacean cardiovascular cardiac work hypoxia myocardia pressure area loop The hypoxia-induced bradycardia observed in many adult...

... parameters co-varied. It could be argued that resting f H increased with fish age and therefore masked an underlying negative scaling exponent for f H . However, this possibility is highly unlikely in the light of current knowledge of the effects of ageing on the vertebrate cardiovascular system, where...