... performed experiments to determine whether aspects of the respiratory control system of bullfrogs, Lithobates catesbeianus , are maintained or suppressed following minimal use of air breathing in overwintering environments. Based on the necessity for control of lung ventilation in early spring, we...

...Olivier Belzile; Roumiana Gulemetova; Richard Kinkead SUMMARY To better understand serotonergic modulation of air breathing during bullfrog development, we measured changes in fictive lung ventilation frequency associated with focal stimulation of the rostral region of the medullary Raphé neurons...

...A. M. Petersen; T. T. Gleeson SUMMARY We characterized carbohydrate metabolism following activity in the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana , and compared whole body metabolic profiles between two seasons. Forty-eight adult male Rana catesbeiana were chronically cannulated and injected with[U- 14...

...Rachel E. Winmill; Anna K. Chen; Michael S. Hedrick SUMMARY The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cellular hypoxia, and the contribution of anaerobic metabolism, on respiratory activity in bullfrogs at different stages of development. Respiratory-related neural activity was recorded...

...Matthew J. Mason; Peter M. Narins SUMMARY Laser vibrometry was used to measure the vibration velocity at different points on the ossicular apparatus of the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana in response to free-field sound. The ascending process of the extrastapes,neglected in most accounts of frog middle...

.... * Author for correspondence at present address: Department of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK (e-mail: mjm68@hermes.cam.ac.uk ) 15 7 2002 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 middle ear bullfrog Rana catesbeiana laser Doppler vibrometry operculum stapes...

... and gill ventilation in tadpoles, however, appear to be dependent upon conventional Cl - -mediated synaptic inhibition. Thus, there may be a developmental change in the fundamental process driving lung ventilation in amphibians. We hypothesize that maturation of the bullfrog respiratory CPG reflects...