...) during walking might be cheap because arm swing is thought to be dominated by passive pendulum dynamics. In contrast, we expected that carrying loads at the leg COM would be relatively expensive because muscular actuation is necessary to initiate and propagate leg swing. Therefore, we hypothesized...

...Andrew K. Yegian; Yanish Tucker; Stephen Gillinov; Daniel E. Lieberman ABSTRACT Stereotypically, walking and running gaits in humans exhibit different arm swing behavior: during walking, the arm is kept mostly straight, while during running, the arm is bent at the elbow. The mechanism...

...Sjoerd M. Bruijn; Onno G. Meijer; Peter J. Beek; Jaap H. van Dieën SUMMARY Arm swing during human gait has been shown to reduce both angular momentum about the vertical and energy expenditure, and has been hypothesized to enhance gait stability. To examine this hypothesis, we studied the effect...

...Herman Pontzer; John H. Holloway, 4th; David A. Raichlen; Daniel E. Lieberman SUMMARY We investigated the control and function of arm swing in human walking and running to test the hypothesis that the arms act as passive mass dampers powered by movement of the lower body, rather than being actively...