... © 2019. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2019 Summary: The digging forces generated by pocket gophers were successfully measured using a new ‘tunnel-tube’ apparatus and Fourier transforms. Digging Rodent X-ray Force Biomechanics Burrowing is a fundamental behavior...

.... In this study, X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM) was used to quantify rib rotation during breathing in American alligators. Whilst costovertebral joint anatomy predicted overall patterns of motion across the ribcage (decreased bucket handle motion and increased calliper motion), there were...

...Benjamin J. Knörlein; David B. Baier; Stephen M. Gatesy; J. D. Laurence-Chasen; Elizabeth L. Brainerd ABSTRACT Marker-based XROMM requires software tools for: (1) correcting fluoroscope distortion; (2) calibrating X-ray cameras; (3) tracking radio-opaque markers; and (4) calculating rigid body...

.... In this study, we used X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM ) to quantify rib rotation during deep breathing in four green iguanas. We found that rib rotation was strongly dominated by bucket-handle rotation, thus exhibiting nearly hinge-like motion, despite the potential for more complex motions...

... rotate about their long axes to skew limbs mediolaterally through the stride cycle. Locomotion Bipedalism Kinematics Avian XROMM Three-dimensional Numida meleagris X-ray Animation Analyses of avian bipedalism typically focus on steady locomotion. Birds are predominantly studied...

... of networks of tunnels and chambers. Excavation by these ‘superorganisms’ depends on the biomechanics of substrate manipulation, the interaction of individuals, and media stability and cohesiveness. To discover principles of robust social excavation, we used X-ray computed tomography to monitor the growth...

... markers. Here, we present six degree of freedom skeletal kinematic data from maneuvering guineafowl acquired by marker-based XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology). Translations and rotations of the hips, knees, ankles and pelvis were derived from animated bone models using explicit joint...

...-dimensionally complex and not visible externally. Here we use a new in vivo X-ray motion analysis technique, X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM), to create precise (±0.06 mm) 3-D animations of the quadrate, braincase, upper bill and mandible of three mallard ducks, Anas platyrhynchos . We defined...

... intervertebral joints locomotion vertebral column kinematic X-ray spinal flexion The evolution of mammalian locomotion is characterized by the regular use of asymmetrical gaits (i.e. gallop, half-bound and bound) connected to extensive dorsoventral flexions of the body axis( Howell, 1944...

.... e-mail: nadja.schilling@uni-jena.de 29 8 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 altricial precocial postnatal limb movement symmetrical gait X-ray tree shrew Tupaia glis cui Galea musteloides Limb design and limb movement patterns appear...

... previously proposed inferences about a hydrostatic elongation mechanism and may serve to evaluate future dynamic models of tongue flicking. snake tongue tongue sheet muscular hydrostat flicking curvature 3-D kinematics high-speed fluoroscopy X-ray Snakes and some other squamates use forked...

... gaits) while all further distal limb joints contribute only to a lesser degree to step length. X-ray films were taken at the IWF Knowledge and Media gGmbH at Göttingen. We are grateful to Dr Michael M. Günther (Liverpool) for many inspiring discussions and critical comments on the manuscript...