... GABA receptors and mediates spike arrest in turtle neurons via shunting inhibition. Extracellular taurine levels also increase during anoxia; why this occurs is unknown but it is speculated that glycine and/or GABA A/B receptors are involved. Given the general importance of inhibitory neurotransmission...

... was positively correlated with oxidative DNA damage. Thermal history was also positively correlated with tissue contents of taurine, a thermoprotectant osmolyte, and with activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase. Origin site differences, possibly indicative of developmental plasticity, were only significant...

... of these activities may have contributed to changes in composition similar to those resulting from starvation. 4-aminobutyramide Araneus cavaticus choline glycine glycine betaine isethionic acid orb web putrescine resource allocation spider web recycling sticky spiral taurine...

...Masatomi Hosoi; Kazuharu Takeuchi; Hideki Sawada; Haruhiko Toyohara SUMMARY Most aquatic invertebrates adapt to environmental osmotic changes primarily by the cellular osmoconforming process, in which osmolytes accumulated in their cells play an essential role. Taurine is one of the most widely...

.... The effects of amino acids upon intestinal zinc uptake in freshwater rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) were studied using an in vivo perfusion technique. The presence of histidine, cysteine and taurine had distinct modifying actions upon quantitative and qualitative zinc absorption, compared to perfusion...

..., taurine, which was the predominant FAA in both gill and foot tissue. Aspartate, glutamate, arginine and alanine were also abundant but their levels were not influenced by external ammonia concentration. Ammonia assimilation appeared to occur at rates sufficient to account for the observed increase...

... gills were returned to 100 % ASW. Consistent with the overall lack of an RVD, there was only a small decrease (approximately 5 %) in cumulative osmolyte content (primarily taurine, betaine and K + ) after 4 h in 60 % ASW. Decreases in both cell water space and osmolyte content after 3 weeks...

...Karl Erik Zachariassen; Anders Johny Olsen; Tore Aunaas ABSTRACT Free amino acids in the posterior adductor muscle of mussels ( Mytilus edulis ) occur in a high-energy gradient group, with energy gradients of 15–18 kJ mol −1 (aspartate, beta-alanine, glycine, taurine and threonine), and a low...

... % ASW and returned to 2.06 ml g −1 dry mass upon re-exposure to 100 % ASW. Consistent with these observations, the gill contents of the principal cytoplasmic osmolytes (taurine, betaine and K + ) were unchanged (approximately 450, 250 and 230 μ mol g −1 dry mass, respectively) following exposure...

...J. R. Welborn; D. T. Manahan ABSTRACT Nonfeeding larvae of the gastropod Haliotis rufescens maintained a constant amount of taurine during embryonic and larval development and, since no de novo synthesis of taurine was observed in these larvae, the maternal endowment of taurine to the egg...

...Douglas S. Neufeld; Stephen H. Wright ABSTRACT We found that the basolateral surface of the gill epithelium of the marine mussel Mytilus californianus possesses a carrier-mediated process capable of concentrating taurine within epithelial cells. We used retrograde perfusion of gill sections...

...Arnold L. Silva; Stephen H. Wright ABSTRACT Long-term acclimation of Mytilus californianus to 60% artificial sea water (585 mosmol l −1 ; ASW) led to a 30–40% decrease in the taurine (53.5–36.9 μ mol g −1 wet mass) and betaine (44.8–26.2 μ mol g −1 wet mass) content of gill tissue, compared...

... . All species secreted acid in response to skin abrasion or compression. Moreover, all species showed stereotypic avoidance behavior to acidified sea water less acidic (pH2–3) then their own secretions. In Pleurobranchaea , secretion could also be stimulated by dilute solutions of taurine, 10 −5 –10 −2...

...S. Galler; C. Hutzler; T. Haller ABSTRACT The effects of the naturally occurring amino acid taurine (2-aminoethanesul-phonic acid) on isometric force development were investigated using skinned muscle fibre preparations. In atrial and ventricular pig heart muscles, as well as in fibres of slow...