.... A. , Strychar , K. B. , Ostrom , P. H. and Cervino , J. M. ( 2016 ). Symbiont diversity of zooxanthellae ( Symbiodinium spp.) in Porites astreoides and Montastraea cavernosa from a reciprocal transplant in the lower Florida Keys . Int. J. Biol. 8 , 9 . 10.5539/ijb.v5538n5532p5539...

... Calcification Nitrogen Symbiodinium Urea Zooxanthellae Tropical waters are poor in nutrients owing to a lack of overturn, and therefore referred to as ‘deserts’ of the sea. To compensate for nutrient shortage in tropical waters, some marine invertebrates, including giant clams and scleractinian...

...Eric J. Armstrong; Jinae N. Roa; Jonathon H. Stillman; Martin Tresguerres ABSTRACT Giant clams (genus Tridacna ) are the largest living bivalves and, like reef-building corals, host symbiotic dinoflagellate algae ( Symbiodinium ) that significantly contribute to their energy budget. In turn...

...Christabel Y. L. Chan; Kum C. Hiong; Mel V. Boo; Celine Y. L. Choo; Wai P. Wong; Shit F. Chew; Yuen K. Ip ABSTRACT Giant clams live in nutrient-poor reef waters of the Indo-Pacific and rely on symbiotic dinoflagellates ( Symbiodinium spp., also known as zooxanthellae) for nutrients...

... cell death after prolonged exposure. Aiptasia pallida Symbiodinium Sphingolipids Coral bleaching Many cnidarians, such as corals and sea anemones, engage in endosymbiotic associations with photosynthetic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium spp. These partnerships...

...Rachel N. Silverstein; Ross Cunning; Andrew C. Baker ABSTRACT Reef corals are sensitive to thermal stress, which induces coral bleaching (the loss of algal symbionts), often leading to coral mortality. However, corals hosting certain symbionts (notably some members of Symbiodinium clade D) resist...

... relating to the secondary roles of a number of compounds in homeostasis and heat-stress resistance. Symbiodinium cell densities were quantified using Improved Neubauer haemocytometer counts (Boeco, Germany), with a minimum of six replicate cell counts per sample (to a confidence interval below 10...

...Jennifer L. Matthews; Ashley E. Sproles; Clinton A. Oakley; Arthur R. Grossman; Virginia M. Weis; Simon K. Davy ABSTRACT Experimental manipulation of the symbiosis between cnidarians and photosynthetic dinoflagellates ( Symbiodinium spp.) is crucial to advancing the understanding of the cellular...

... from seawater to Symbiodinium and to the calcifying fluid is consistent with the simpler calculations showing that the potential CO 2 and HCO 3 − generation rates from iCA greatly exceed those required for individual steps in the C i processing pathways. The measured iCA activity is neither...

...Pascale Tremblay; Jean François Maguer; Renaud Grover; Christine Ferrier-Pagès ABSTRACT Reef-building corals form symbioses with dinoflagellates from the diverse genus Symbiodinium . This symbiotic association has developed adaptations to acquire and share nutrients, which are essential for its...

...Miguel C. Leal; Kenneth Hoadley; D. Tye Pettay; Alejandro Grajales; Ricardo Calado; Mark E. Warner ABSTRACT The association between cnidarians and photosynthetic dinoflagellates within the genus Symbiodinium is a prevalent relationship in tropical and subtropical marine environments. Although...

...Ross Hill; Milán Szabó; Ateeq ur Rehman; Imre Vass; Peter J. Ralph; Anthony W. D. Larkum Two inhibitors of the Calvin–Benson cycle [glycolaldehyde (GA) and potassium cyanide (KCN)] were used in cultured Symbiodinium cells and in nubbins of the coral Pocillopora damicornis to test the hypothesis...

... declare no competing financial interests. 4 11 2013 3 3 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Symbiodinium Acidosis Climate change Reef-building corals depend on a symbiotic association with photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the genus...

... by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 reactive nitrogen species endosymbiosis oxidative stress Symbiodinium cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis innate immunity Microbial symbioses are ubiquitous in the natural world and sustain some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. Among the most...

...Camille W. Paxton; Simon K. Davy; Virginia M. Weis SUMMARY Coral bleaching occurs when there is a breakdown of the symbiosis between cnidarian hosts and resident Symbiodinium spp. Multiple mechanisms for the bleaching process have been identified, including apoptosis and autophagy, and most...

... trend of higher levels when exposed to a TT that mimicked SO conditions. In contrast, chl a , maximum dark-adapted quantum yield of photosystem II ( F v / F m ), and Symbiodinium ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ( rbcL ), photosystem I ( psI , subunit III) and phosphoglycolate phosphatase...

... corals exposed to climate change and other stressors. * Author for correspondence ( melissasroth@gmail.com ) 31 8 2010 © 2010. 2010 acclimation dinoflagellate fluorescence GFP light photoprotection Symbiodinium symbiosis Scleractinian corals are the foundation...

...' for coral reefs in an era of climate change. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 273 , 2305 -2312. Bouchard, J. N. and Yamasaki, H. ( 2008 ). Heat stress stimulates nitric oxide production in Symbiodinium microadriaticum : a possible linkage between nitric oxide and the coral bleaching phenomenon...

... pallida , which hosts dinoflagellates from the genus Symbiodinium . We show that exposure to elevated temperatures induces symbiotic anemones to produce high levels of NO, leading to the collapse of the symbiosis. These results shed light on the poorly understood cellular mechanism through which elevated...

... bleaching endolithic algae thermal stress photoacclimation photoinhibition coral Montipora monasteriata Symbiodinium Corals, the framework builders of reefs, live in close association with a range of phototrophic species including intracellular dinoflagellates and skeletal-dwelling...