... track flies less effectively during wing display because of fluctuations in colour contrasts arising from the wing movements. Predator–prey interactions Wing interference colouration Salticid vision Retina Spider Fly Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología http://dx.doi.org...

... environmental change. Little is known about whether such changes occur independently of external cues, such as photoperiod or temperature, or how they may impact the central nervous system. We compared membrane properties of neurons isolated from the retina of goldfish ( Carassius auratus ), an organism well...

...Rikard Frederiksen; Gordon L. Fain; Alapakkam P. Sampath ABSTRACT Retinal bipolar cells receive direct input from rod and cone photoreceptors and send axons into the inner retina, synapsing onto amacrine and ganglion cells. Bipolar cell responses can be either depolarizing (ON) or hyperpolarizing...

... retinas. ipRGCs were initially thought to be a single retinal ganglion cell population, and melanopsin was thought to activate a single, invertebrate-like G q /transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC)-based phototransduction cascade within these cells. However, in the 20 years since the discovery...

...Michael W. Country; Michael G. Jonz ABSTRACT Neurons of the retina require oxygen to survive. In hypoxia, neuronal ATP production is impaired, ATP-dependent ion pumping is reduced, transmembrane ion gradients are dysregulated, and intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) increases enough...

... not to be distracted by predictably recurring signals, or even intrinsic retinal oscillations ( Friedburg et al., 2004 ; Rangaswamy et al., 2003 ). In many species, responses to repeated presentations of the same stimulus are attenuated in the retina ( Brown and Watanabe, 1965 ; Donner et al., 1991 ; Schwartz et al...

... for the differences recorded ( Brueggemann and Sullivan, 2002 ). Having a G q/11 -coupled, chromophore-dependent opsin ensures that the chimeric opsin will only be active in cells that are close to a ready supply of chromophore (e.g. retinal pigment epithelium in the retina and an exogenous source with in vitro...

... assays. Arthropods Eye Retina Ultraviolet vision Electroretinogram Open field test There are over 48 thousand spider species on Earth (World Spider Catalog 20.5, https://wsc.nmbe.ch/ , accessed on 9 January 2020), but comparatively little is known regarding their visual capabilities...

.../ ). Gene alignments, phylogenies, transcriptome assemblies and retinal topography maps of single and double cones for each individual are available from the Dryad digital repository ( Tettamanti et al., 2019 ): dryad.k6djh9w37 For ganglion cell analyses, retinas were mounted with the ganglion cell...

... a model organism of choice for developmental biology and neurobiology. This vertebrate model, which is also a favourite in chronobiology studies, shows striking circadian rhythmicity in behaviour. Here, we identify novel genes in the zebrafish genome that are expressed in the zebrafish retina. We further...

..., the expressed opsin subset differed from the more stationary Norwegian coastal cod described in previous studies. Interestingly, these data provide the first indications of a population difference in actively used visual opsins associated with cod ecotypes. Opsin Retina Larvae Maturation Population...

..., the smallest target size a photoreceptor can robustly encode is sufficient to explain the detection limit of higher-order, target-detecting neurons or observed behavioural pursuits. Target detection Vision Contrast sensitivity Retina Signal-to-noise ratio Feature detection Visual systems...

... with a greater degree of accuracy. For example, we could precisely resolve the layering of the anterior median eyes and could map out the extensive retina of the anterior lateral eyes of the spider. Measurements also confirmed that fly ommatidia are focused into infinity, but showed that their focal plane...

... positive signals in the cell body layer of the retina. DAPI staining (middle) and bright field images (bottom) show the location of the cell bodies and the pigment granule layer, respectively. Scale bars: 200 μm. A, anterior; CG, cerebral ganglia; D, dorsal; L, left; P, posterior; R, right; SEG...

... varying across the retina. Spectral sensitivity, which affects both achromatic and chromatic (colour) vision, also varies across the retina, though the function of this inhomogeneity is less clear. We previously demonstrated spatially varying spectral sensitivity of double cones in the cichlid fish...

...Therese Reber; Antti Vähäkainu; Emily Baird; Matti Weckström; Eric Warrant; Marie Dacke ABSTRACT To control flight, insects rely on the pattern of visual motion generated on the retina as they move through the environment. When light levels fall, vision becomes less reliable and flight control thus...

... that predominantly expressed a short wavelength (SWS2) opsin but ultraviolet cones, expressing a SWS1 opsin, were present throughout the retina. Fish from red light-shifted lakes, when transferred to clear waters, had a ∼2% increase in RH2/LWS double cones, though double cone density remained constant. Comparison...

...Ruth Bejarano-Escobar; Manuel Blasco; Gervasio Martín-Partido; Javier Francisco-Morcillo SUMMARY Constant intense light causes apoptosis of photoreceptors in the retina of albino fish. However, very few studies have been performed on pigmented species. Tench ( Tinca tinca ) is a teleost inhabiting...

... shift habitat, food source and behaviour. The teleost fish retina is an important model system for studies of ontogeny, neural plasticity and neurogenesis. In teleosts, unlike in mammals and other vertebrates ( Carter-Dawson and LaVail, 1979 ), the eye grows throughout life, and new neurons, generated...

...Jason C. Raine; Allison B. Coffin; Craig W. Hawryshyn SUMMARY Thyroid hormones (THs) play a vital role in vertebrate neural development, and, together with the beta isoform of the thyroid hormone receptor (TRβ), the development and differentiation of cone photoreceptors in the vertebrate retina...