... in the expression of a single trait ( Whitman and Agrawal, 2009 ). National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 0623924 Villanova University http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007226 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Reaction norm Echinoderm adhesion Tensile...

... flexibility Reaction norm Sex differences Tree swallow Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038 RGPIN-04158-2014 Trent University http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000184 Ontario Graduate Scholarship...

...Andrew W. McCracken; Eleanor Buckle; Mirre J. P. Simons ABSTRACT Dietary restriction (DR) is a key focus in ageing research. Specific conditions and genotypes were recently found to negate lifespan extension by DR, questioning its universal relevance. However, the concept of dietary reaction norms...

... on subtropical birds. We found no variation in the reaction norms of BMR and EWL among populations in response to acclimation, suggesting previously documented differences in seasonal BMR acclimatization are the result of phenotypic flexibility. In contrast to higher-latitude species, M sum did not significantly...

... of Betaeus emarginatus in Chile and (B) thermal regime according to the sea surface temperature (SST) data gathered at each sampling site. The slope of the reaction norm ( Fig. 4 ) was not affected by body mass ( F 1,169 =2.932, P =0.089), but was affected by population ( F 6,169 =2.905, P...

... that body mass is highly repeatable across contexts ( R =0.77, CI=0.68–0.83) but that SMR and MMR are only moderately repeatable ( R =0.32, CI=0.22–0.46 and R =0.29, CI=0.17–0.42). Fig. 2 A–F illustrates the degree of repeatability and variation in these traits using reaction norm plots and caterpillar...

... and collected the data. J.D.G.E., L.B., and M.A.L. analysed and interpreted the data and wrote the manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 15 5 2014 27 10 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Reaction norm...

.... and M.M.E. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 25 7 2014 3 10 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Adaptive plasticity Developmental window Growth Mammal Masticatory apparatus Reaction norm Numerous...

... infection, a manipulative parasite could (i) change the temporal consistency of its host’s behavioural responses, (ii) change the slope of a host reaction norm, i.e. the way host behavioural traits are expressed as a function of an environmental gradient, or (iii) decouple two or more host behavioural...

... have tried to validate a framework for predicting performance in fluctuating environments. Here, we determined whether reaction norms based on performance at constant temperatures (18, 22, 26, 30 and 34°C) could be used to predict embryonic and larval performance of anurans at fluctuating temperatures...