...Rachel M. Drown; Andrea L. Liebl; Christopher V. Anderson ABSTRACT To counterbalance demands of different selective pressures, many species possess morphological, physiological and behavioral specializations that increase survival in their environments. Predation is one such pressure that can...

...Hibiki Kimura; Tilo Pfalzgraff; Marie Levet; Yuuki Kawabata; John F. Steffensen; Jacob L. Johansen; Paolo Domenici ABSTRACT Fish perform rapid escape responses to avoid sudden predatory attacks. During escape responses, fish bend their bodies into a C -shape and quickly turn away from the predator...

... information about a moving target and a nearby obstacle to safely navigate to their goal. These flies sum the steering requirements of each task and take an intermediate path, much as humans do. Insect Flight Navigation Predation Air Force Office of Scientific Research http://dx.doi.org...

... is the strongest predictor of escape success. In cases where the prey's motor volume exceeds that of the predator, the prey survives. By analyzing the intersection of these volumes, we compute the survival benefit of recruiting the Mauthner cell, a neuron in anamniotes devoted to producing escapes. We discuss how...

...Charlie Woodrow; Kevin A. Judge; Christian Pulver; Thorin Jonsson; Fernando Montealegre-Z ABSTRACT The use of acoustics in predator evasion is a widely reported phenomenon amongst invertebrate taxa, but the study of ultrasonic anti-predator acoustics is often limited to the prey of bats. Here, we...

...Tom Mulder; Beth Mortimer; Fritz Vollrath ABSTRACT Web spiders rely on vibrations propagated via their web to identify, locate and capture entangled prey. Here, we experimentally tested the robustness of the orb weaver's predation strategy when webs are severely distorted and silk tensions...

... of temperature on the ontogenetic scaling of resting metabolic rate of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus minus depends critically on habitat differences in predation regime. Increasing temperature tends to cause decreases in the metabolic scaling exponent (slope) in population samples from springs with fish...

...Miranda Rew-Duffy; Skye F. Cameron; Natalie J. Freeman; Rebecca Wheatley; Jessica M. Latimer; Robbie S. Wilson ABSTRACT Introduced predators combined with habitat loss and modification are threatening biodiversity worldwide, particularly the ‘critical weight range’ (CWR) mammals of Australia...

...Mohammad Ameri; Darrell J. Kemp; Katherine L. Barry; Marie E. Herberstein ABSTRACT Animals are able to assess the risk of predation and respond accordingly via behavioural and physiological changes. Web-building spiders are in the unique situation where they reside in the middle of their web...

... the evolution of dexterous hand grasping involved the collection of fruit or predation on mobile insects remains an area of debate. One way to explore this question is to examine preferences for manual versus oral grasping of a moving object. Previous studies on strepsirrhines have shown a preference for oral...

...Vivek Nityananda; Coline Joubier; Jerry Tan; Ghaith Tarawneh; Jenny C. A. Read ABSTRACT Perceiving motion-in-depth is essential to detecting approaching or receding objects, predators and prey. This can be achieved using several cues, including binocular stereoscopic cues such as changing disparity...

... of a highly modified and previously undescribed fast-start of a larval coral-reef fish, which captures evasive copepod prey as early as 1 day after hatching. Fast-start Predation Evasive prey S-start Kinematics Fast-starts in fishes, the rapid acceleration from a near motionless state to one...

... laterality that reflects asymmetric jaw morphology. The Lake Malawi cichlid Genyochromis mento feeds on the fins of other fish, a behaviour that G. mento developed independently from the Tanganyikan Perissodini scale eaters. We investigated stomach contents and behavioural laterality of predation in aquarium...

..., of these sessile species is a conspecific cue-guided response. We propose that, to avoid reproductive competition and possible predation, barnacles will not settle if conspecific cues inform of overcrowding but will settle gregariously when conspecific cues are sparse. To clarify how SIPC transduces...

...), because juveniles require high-calorie seeds for growth and fattening prior to hibernation. We hypothesized that, in mast failure years, female dormice may be forced to spend larger amounts of time foraging for low-quality food, which would increase their exposure to predators, mainly owls. This may lead...

... during a predatory attack and may strongly affect predator–prey interactions. We explored the possible presence of lateralization in the anti-predatory behaviour of European pond turtles, considering their escape facing a possible predatory attack. Thirty individuals (17 males, 13 females) were exposed...

... of mammalian sleep are present in birds. We examined whether birds suppress REM sleep in response to changes in sleeping conditions that presumably evoke an increase in perceived predation risk, as observed previously in rodents. Although pigeons sometimes sleep on the ground, they prefer to sleep on elevated...

... and mitochondrial investments of the heart, indicating economy of design at the cellular level of the oxygen cascade in an aerobic organ. Capillarity Cardiac Mammal Mitochondria Myofibrils Predation The size of the heart is determined by the magnitude of the volume loads and the pressure loads...

...: Hunting archerfish use information sampled in less than 100 ms to assess the initial height of ballistically falling prey. Depth vision Visual perception Predation Fast-start Decision making Archerfish dislodge aerial prey from twigs or leaves by a shot of water fired from their mouth...

...Kazutaka Ota ABSTRACT Fighting carries a predation risk because animals have limited attention, constraining their ability to simultaneously engage in aggression and anti-predator vigilance. However, the influence of interspecific aggression and fatigue on the predation cost of fighting is seldom...