... prevented growing guinea fowl ( Numida meleagris ) from jumping. We compared the jump performance of our treatment group at maturity with that of controls and measured the morphology of the gastrocnemius elastic system. We found that restricted birds jumped with lower jump power and work, yet there were...

... rotate about their long axes to skew limbs mediolaterally through the stride cycle. Locomotion Bipedalism Kinematics Avian XROMM Three-dimensional Numida meleagris X-ray Animation Analyses of avian bipedalism typically focus on steady locomotion. Birds are predominantly studied...

... these factors, we measured electromyographic activity in eight hindlimb muscles of the guinea fowl ( Numida meleagris , N =6) during treadmill locomotion at two speeds (0.7 and 1.3 m s −1 ) and three terrain conditions at each speed: (i) level, (ii) repeated 5 cm low-contrast obstacles (<10% contrast, black...

.... * Author for correspondence (e-mail: r.marsh@neu.edu ) 3 5 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 muscle energetics blood flow running uphill guinea fowl Numida meleagris For the majority of animals, the metabolic demand of running increases markedly when...

... fowl Numida meleagris locomotion backpack loading blood flow oxygen consumption energy use load carrying Surprisingly little direct information is available on the mechanical function of the diverse array of muscles active during running, and on the division of energy use among...

...Richard L. Marsh; David J. Ellerby; Havalee T. Henry; Jonas Rubenson SUMMARY We examined the energetic cost of loading the trunk or distal portion of the leg in walking and running guinea fowl ( Numida meleagris ). These different loading regimes were designed to separately influence the energy use...

... of the measured ground reaction forces and used to calculate total COM energy, as described in Materials and methods. We obtained five adult guinea fowl Numida meleagris L., body mass=1.95±0.28 kg, 21±1 cm standing hip height (mean ±s.e.m.), from a local breeder and clipped the primary feathers to prevent...

..., personal communication). The experimental group consisted of six mature guinea fowl Numida meleagris L. approximately 20 months old weighing 1.42±0.10 kg(mean ± s . e . m .). These birds were obtained as day-old chicks from the Guinea Farm (New Vienna, IA, USA) and were raised in the Division...

... fowl Numida meleagris lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and digital flexor-IV (DF-IV), during level and incline locomotion. During level locomotion, the LG and DF-IV exhibit differing muscle fascicle strain patterns: the LG shortens by 10-15% while developing force,whereas the DF-IV undergoes a stretch...

... animals utilize this strategy, the input impedance of the respiratory system of five anesthetized, supine guinea fowl ( Numida meleagris ) was measured using a forced oscillation technique. The resonant frequency of the respiratory system was 7.12±0.27 Hz ( N =5, mean ± S.E.M.). No statistically...