... development to separate the heart tube into two chambers. During metamorphosis, the heart is partially restructured, with the linear heart tube with one terminal wide-lumen heart chamber being converted into a linear four-chambered heart tube with three valves. As in all metazoan circulatory systems...

... of ecdysis is available for Hemimetabola, which display an incomplete metamorphosis. We use Rhodnius prolixus as a convenient experimental model to test two hypotheses: (1) the role of neuropeptides that regulate ecdysis in Holometabola is conserved in hemimetabolous insects; and (2) the neuropeptides...

...Brian T. Nedved; Marnie L. Freckelton; Michael G. Hadfield ABSTRACT Larvae of many marine invertebrates bear an anteriorly positioned apical sensory organ (ASO) presumed to be the receptor for settlement- and metamorphosis-inducing environmental cues, based on its structure, position and observed...

...Claus Nielsen; Peter A. V. Anderson The apical organ of ciliated larvae of cnidarians and bilaterians is a true larval organ that disappears before or at metamorphosis. It appears to be sensory, probably involved in metamorphosis, but knowledge is scant. The ciliated protostome larvae show ganglia...

... Tadpoles Metamorphosis The skin of frogs, like that of other animals, acts as an important physical and chemical barrier to microbes. Synthesized and stored within the dermal granular glands of the frog's skin, and secreted onto the skin following injury or sympathetic nervous system stimulation...

.... Fish Biol.   70 , 523 - 537 . McCormick   M. I. ( 1999 ). Delayed metamorphosis of a tropical reef fish (Acanthurus triostegus): a field experiment . Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.   176 , 25 - 38 . McCormick   M. I. ( 2003 ). Consumption of coral propagules after mass spawning enhances...

... nitric oxide (NO) signaling, thereby triggering metamorphosis. Here, we document alternative functions for identified signaling pathways in larvae having ‘desperate’ versus ‘death before dishonor’ strategies in lecithotrophic clutches of a habitat specialist, the sea slug Alderia willowi . In an unusual...

... released from adults, the swimming nauplius undertakes six molting cycles and then transforms into a cyprid. Using paired antennules, a competent cyprid actively explores and selects a suitable substratum for attachment and metamorphosis (collectively known as settlement). This selection process involves...

... titratable alkalinity uptake/acid extrusion was concurrent with metamorphosis, the onset of Ca 2+ uptake and shell formation. Also, Ca 2+ uptake was significantly greater and apparent net titratable alkalinity uptake/acid extrusion was significantly reduced, but not inhibited, under HCO – 3 -free...

...Monika Sundqvist; Susanne Holmgren SUMMARY The stomach of the amphibian Xenopus laevis is subject to extensive remodelling during metamorphosis. We investigated the changes in gastric activity control during this period using in vitro circular smooth muscle preparations mounted in organ baths...

... the minimum concentration of histamine that induced metamorphosis in H. purpurascens , with older larvae responding to lower concentrations of histamine than newly competent larvae. Older larvae were more sensitive to lower concentrations of histamine yet still maintained a stringent requirement for exposure...

...Aparna Telang; Laura Frame; Mark R. Brown SUMMARY What little is known about the endocrine regulation of mosquito development suggests that models based on Lepidoptera and Drosophila may not apply. We report on basic parameters of larval development and the commitment to metamorphosis in the yellow...

... =a M b b ,where b is the scaling coefficient. Ṁ w O 2 constitutes>90% of total uptake in the growth stages, increasing with b =1.02 while Ṁ a O 2 increases with b= 1.13; during degrowth there is a change in the pattern related to intensification of metamorphosis. Hypoxic water did not affect Ṁ O...

...Alexander M. Schreiber SUMMARY Flatfishes, such as flounder, are the world's most asymmetric vertebrates. It is unknown if the development of lateralized swimming behavior during metamorphosis is an adaptive response to bilaterally asymmetric eye positioning, or if this results from a vestibular...

... of Norway (no. 136260/140, S.O.S.) and a grant from the Danish Research Council (S.S.M.). References Bishop, C. D. and Brandhorst, B. P. ( 2003 ). On nitric oxide signaling, metamorphosis, and the evolution of biphasic life cycles. Evol. Dev. 5 , 542 -550. Björnsson, B. Th., Young, G., Lin...

...Jennifer L. Freeman; A. Lane Rayburn SUMMARY Amphibian metamorphosis is a complex process that has been speculated to involve DNA amplification and chromatin rearrangement. While recent studies have concentrated on chromatin rearrangement, only a few studies have dealt with variation in the amount...

... larvae. The critical weight for normal L3 pupariation of w 1118 larvae was found to be 0.8 mg and that for L2 pupariation was 0.45 mg. We also defined a threshold weight for metamorphosis of 0.3 mg, above which L2 larvae will metamorphose when provided with 20E. BR-Z3 apparently works through the PG...

... develops much later upon final metamorphosis. Here, we hypothesise that the activity of the AOE will be elevated relatively much earlier during development in both oviparous and metamorphosing vertebrates. We also examined the effect of mild hypoxia (17 % oxygen) on the development of the pulmonary AOE...

...Alex M. Schreiber; Jennifer L. Specker ABSTRACT Salinity tolerance changes during larval development and metamorphosis in the summer flounder ( Paralichthys dentatus ) and other teleosts. The physiological mechanisms responsible for osmoregulation during these early stages of development...

... of intersegmental muscles, which sometimes accompany the pupal motor pattern, had a negligible effect on hemolymph flow. The conversion of larval proleg and body wall muscles to a circulatory function in pupae represents a particularly dramatic example of functional respecification during metamorphosis...