..., a decrease in food intake and body mass, and an increase in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and total white blood cell count after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inoculation, there was great variability in the magnitude of these responses. Some of these differences might reflect, to some extent, differences...

...-maintenance traits if immune prioritization exceeds energy budget. In this study, adult male side-blotched lizards ( Uta stansburiana ) were injected with saline (control) or high (20 µg g −1 body mass) or low (10 µg g −1 body mass) concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate bacterial infections...

... and the modulation of immune function during pregnancy in a non-mammalian vertebrate, we elicited an immune response in pregnant and non-pregnant pygmy rattlesnakes, Sistrurus miliarius , using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured using flow-through respirometry. Immune function...

... lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered to northern bobwhite quail ( Colinus virginianus ), and quantified metrics related to pro-inflammatory conditions [i.e. generation of oxidative damage (d-ROMs), depletion of antioxidant capacity], anti-inflammatory mechanisms (i.e. production of haptoglobin, expression...

... in male Cape ground squirrels ( Xerus inauris ) through two separate manipulations: first, by triggering a strong immune response using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and, secondly, by increasing circulating testosterone using silastic testosterone implants. Responding to an immune challenge...

... and food availability affect investment in constitutive innate immunity and the acute phase response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections in captive red crossbills ( Loxia curvirostra ). Crossbills are reproductively flexible songbirds that specialize on an unpredictably available food resource...

... hamsters so that they exhibited body mass loss that mimicked the natural photoperiod-induced loss of body mass in short-day hamsters. We then experimentally induced sickness with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and compared sickness responses among long-day food-restricted and long- and short-day ad libitum fed...

... Ltd 2013 inflammation ecological immunology acute phase response lipopolysaccharide LPS annual cycle birds A central premise in ecological immunology is that animals trade off investment into immune function against other competing physiological and behavioural processes ( Sheldon...

... compete for energetic resources. To test this, we immunologically challenged adult house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) with 5 mg kg −1 of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an acute phase response and measured both resting (RMR; minimum metabolic rate) and summit ( ; maximal metabolic rate during cold...

... responses to increasing insulin plasma levels, which may maintain sensitivity to insulin in this tissue. Adiponectin expression was inhibited by the inflammatory effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in adipose tissue and red muscle. Moreover, results indicate that LPS may lead to mobilization of fat reserves...

...; consequently, the impact of repeated pathogenic exposure on the avian febrile response, and thus on the ability of birds to fight recurrent infection, is not known. We determined the effect of repeated injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the febrile response of Pekin ducks. We gave ducks five injections...

... lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The resting metabolic rates of mice in all immune challenge treatments were also measured. Although hypoxia had little effect on the peripheral blood immunophenotype, hypoxic mice challenged with KLH or LPS had enhanced immunological responses in the form of higher antibody titers...

... ). The first manipulation, an immune supplementation, was achieved by oral administration of lysozyme, a naturally occurring and non-specific antimicrobial enzyme. The second manipulation, an immune challenge, took the form of an injection with lipopolysaccharide, a bacterial endotoxin. Between groups...

... challenged molting wild-caught captive house finches ( Carpodacus mexicanus ) with weekly injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) over the course of 8 weeks. Immunostimulated adult males and females produced significant antibody responses and molted more slowly than uninjected...

... lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an immunogenic compound that stimulates an APR. Following LPS injection, we measured changes in food intake, body mass, activity, and resting and total energy expenditure. When challenged with LPS under ad libitum food, individuals at both temperatures decreased food intake and activity...

... bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we provide the first evidence for seasonal modulation of sickness behavior in a free-living animal. Male song sparrows of western Washington state ( Melospiza melodia morphna ) are sedentary and territorial year round, except for a brief time during molt...

...) following exposure to various stresses (heavy metals and lipopolysaccharide), and correlates them with the variation in amount and time course of blood glucose. The dose-relationship between exposure to copper and quick release of cHH from the eyestalk into haemolymph was confirmed by variation of blood...

...Tore Seternes; Roy A. Dalmo; James Hoffman; Jarl Bøgwald; Svetlana Zykova; Bård Smedsrød SUMMARY The mechanism of elimination of blood-borne Vibrio salmonicida lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L.) was studied. The anatomical distribution of LPS was determined using both...

...+ indicators Fluo-3 and Fura-2. Responses of lymphocytes to T-cell mitogen (phytohaemagglutinin, PHA), to B-cell mitogen (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and to immunoglobulin (Ig) cross-linking with a monoclonal antibody to carp Ig were measured using flow cytometry. Both T-cell stimulation by PHA and B-cell...