... produced a more robust and persistent transcriptional response with higher mRNA transcript abundance across innate immune, stress and fatty acid responses than their 20°C-acclimated counterparts. Additional whole-animal performance metrics (critical thermal maximum, metabolic rate, cortisol concentration...

... affects the ability of high- and low-elevation male Amakihi to cope with avian malaria by measuring innate immunity, hematocrit and malaria parasitemia. Corticosterone implants resulted in a decrease in hematocrit in high- and low-elevation birds but no changes to circulating natural antibodies...

... hypothesized that immune function may be part of the underlying mechanism, when harsh developmental conditions result in less effective immune function. We tested this hypothesis by comparing innate immune function between zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ) in adulthood ( n =230; age 108–749 days) that were...

... whether such trade-offs also include suppression of the innate immune response, by subjecting captive male Svalbard ptarmigan ( Lagopus muta hyperborea ) to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during exposure to either mild temperature (0°C) or cold snaps (acute exposure to −20°C), in constant winter...

... Corticosterone Innate immunity Heterophil:lymphocyte ratio In reptiles, changes in environmental temperature may also be associated with changes in GC levels ( Dupoué et al., 2013 ; Jessop et al., 2016 ), which can in turn affect diverse physiological attributes, such as metabolism ( DuRant et al...

.... Invertebrate Mt2 Lipid homeostasis Hemocyte Innate immunity Ceramide Signaling Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) Innate immunity ( Janeway and Medzhitov, 2002 ) is an evolutionarily conserved host defense mechanism present throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. It is the predominant form...

... effects of lung collapse and bubble formation. Innate immunity Cytokine IL6 Endotoxin Pinniped Marine mammals such as pinnipeds (seals and sea lions) are highly specialized predators that pursue and capture prey while breath-holding. During these dives they draw down their body oxygen...

... ). NOx is considered a measure of innate immunity as many cell types are capable to produce it, especially macrophages, which release NOx by exocytose in order to destroy pathogens ( Crippen et al., 2003 ). Quantification of plasmatic NOx was performed following Sild and Hõrak (2009...

... of innate immunity when dehydrated. These results suggest that, in this species, dehydration may not induce a glucocorticoid response, but, instead, enhances physiological defense mechanisms. To explore this possibility, we examined multiple measures of innate immunity as well as initial and reactive plasma...

..., cold temperature increased bacterial killing capacity, indicative of innate immunity, and did not affect the mass of the thymus and spleen, intermediate granulocytes, the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response and the levels of blood glucose and serum leptin. Corticosterone concentration was affected...

... and food availability affect investment in constitutive innate immunity and the acute phase response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections in captive red crossbills ( Loxia curvirostra ). Crossbills are reproductively flexible songbirds that specialize on an unpredictably available food resource...

...Sisi Gao; Clarissa Sanchez; Pierre J. Deviche ABSTRACT Stress-induced effects on innate immune activity in wild birds have been difficult to predict. These difficulties may arise from the frequent assumptions that (1) the stress response influences different components of the immune response...

... demonstrates that the normal physiological process of a blood meal activates the innate immune response in mosquitoes. This process is likely in part regulated by Ras-MAPK signaling, highlighting a novel mechanistic link between blood feeding and immunity. * Author for correspondence ( kmichel@ksu.edu...

... for correspondence ( Lage.Cerenius@ebc.uu.se ) Competing interests No competing interests declared. 15 1 2013 16 8 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 Dscam FREP innate immunity invertebrate immunity recognition Invertebrates need to defend...

...Thomas D. Hawkins; Simon K. Davy SUMMARY The temperature-induced collapse (‘bleaching’) of the coral–dinoflagellate symbiosis is hypothesised to result from symbiont oxidative stress and a subsequent host innate immune-like response. This includes the production of nitric oxide (NO), which...

... Cnidaria coral bleaching innate immunity Symbiodinium symbiosis Many cnidarians, including corals, form a mutualistic symbiosis with the photosynthetic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium spp., where the algae are housed in host gastrodermal cells, thereby giving corals their typical brown...

... are still not understood, although a suppressed immune response in offspring is frequently considered. The aim of our study was to examine the innate immune defence in high (HET) and low egg testosterone (LET) lines of Japanese quail, which differ in the hormonal milieu of their eggs, thus providing a good...

... of a commercial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) – lipopolysaccharide (LPS) – as an elicitor of the innate immune response. Immune parameters included prophenoloxidase (PPO) activity, melanin concentration, bactericidal activity, the antioxidants peroxidase and catalase, and fluorescent protein (FP...

... Information . IPCS Inchem. Bilthoven, The Netherlands : Laboratory for Toxicology . Tieleman B. I. , Williams J. B. , Ricklefs R. E. , Klasing K. C. ( 2005 ). Constitutive innate immunity is a component of the pace-of-life syndrome in tropical birds . Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol...

... the probability of surviving lethal thermal stress. Corals can fight invading pathogens with a suite of innate immune responses that slow and even arrest pathogen growth and reduce further tissue damage. Several of these responses, such as the melanin cascade, circulating amoebocytes and antioxidants, are induced...