... environment. Therefore, we hypothesized that tenrecs are tolerant to environmental hypoxia and hypercapnia. Many hypoxia- and hypercapnia-tolerant fossorial mammals respond to hypoxia by decreasing metabolic rate and thermogenesis and have blunted ventilatory responses to both environmental hypoxia...

... cells, which act as lactate sensors. Lactate O 2 chemoreceptors Fish gill Hypercapnia L-type Ca 2+ channels Monocarboxylic acid transporter Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038 NSERC http://dx.doi.org...

... attributed. Summary: European sea bass exposed to 1 kPa (10,000 µatm) CO 2 regulate blood and red cell pH within 2 h and 40 min, respectively, protecting O 2 transport capacity, via enhanced gill acid excretion. Hypercapnia Ionocytes Respiratory acidosis O 2 transport Gill plasticity...

..., hypercapnia and hypoxia. A selective OX 1 R antagonist (SB-334867; 5–25 µmol l −1 ) or agonist (ORX-A; 200 nmol l −1 to 1 µmol l −1 ) was added to the superfusion media. Experiments were performed under basal conditions (media equilibrated with 98.2% O 2 and 1.8% CO 2 ), hypercapnia (5% CO 2 ) or hypoxia (5–7...

... + -ATPase. Although there were slight differences among the three knockdown/knockout experiments, the typical response was a greater degree of intracellular acidification during CO 2 exposure and a reduced capacity to restore pHi to baseline levels post-hypercapnia. The metabolic alkalosis and subsequent...

... rhythm by isolating the thoracic ganglia and perfusing its main tracheae with various respiratory gas mixtures. Fictive ventilation activity was recorded from motor nerves controlling spiracular and abdominal ventilatory muscles. Both hypoxia and hypercapnia increased the ventilation rate...

... critical swimming speed ( U crit ) did not reveal any clear trend with temperature. Hypercapnia evoked an increase in MMR (and thereby AS ex ). However, swimming performance (both U gait and U crit ) was impaired under elevated near-future P CO 2 conditions, indicating reduced efficiencies of oxygen...

... will impair blood oxygen supply in active squid. A decrease in blood pH increases P 50 according to Eqn 3: (3) Acid–base balance Blood–O 2 binding Hypercapnia Cephalopod Hypoxia tolerance Dosidicus Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) partial pressure ( P CO 2 ) has increased...

... and poikilothermy, and extreme tolerance of hypoxia and hypercapnia. With little information available on adjustments in haemoglobin (Hb) function that may mitigate the impact of exogenous and endogenous constraints on the uptake and internal transport of O 2 , we measured haematological characteristics, as well...

... gigas): implications for thermal limits and induction of thermal tolerance . Biol. Bull.   205 , 160 - 169 . 10.2307/1543236 Hammer , K. M. , Kristiansen , E. and Zachariassen , K. E. ( 2011 ). Physiological effects of hypercapnia in the deep-sea bivalve Acesta excavata...

...Christian Lind Malte; Hans Malte; Tobias Wang ABSTRACT Animals with intermittent lung ventilation and those exposed to hypoxia and hypercapnia will experience fluctuations in the bodily O 2 and CO 2 stores, but the magnitude and duration of these changes are not well understood amongst ectotherms...

... to environmental stressors. (A) The light grey bar represents acclimation to high environmental P CO 2  (hypercapnia, 400 Pa, 7 days, N =6). mRNA expression for high P CO 2  acclimated animals was normalized to the ribosomal gene RbS-3 prior to calculation of relative gene expression changes. (B) The dark...

... and ion regulation. Therefore, air-breathing fishes are believed to have a low capacity for extracellular pH regulation during a respiratory acidosis. In the present study, we investigated acid–base regulation during hypercapnia in the air-breathing fish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in normoxic and hypoxic...

...). Based on pharmacological evidence using β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonists, and confirmed by β 1 -AR translational gene knockdown using morpholinos, the reflex tachycardia accompanying hypercapnia was probably mediated by the interaction of catecholamines with cardiac β 1 receptors. Because...

... of the brittlestar Amphiura filiformis during environmental hypercapnia demonstrated that besides hypoxic conditions, increases of environmental P CO 2 are additive to the already high P CO 2 (up to 0.08 kPa) within the burrows. In response to up to 4 weeks exposure to pH 7.3 (0.3 kPa P CO 2 ) and pH 7.0 (0.6 kPa P...

... regress postnatally, in parallel with maturation of splanchnic innervation. Here, we review the evidence that neurotransmitters released from the splanchnic nerve during innervation activate signaling cascades that ultimately cause regression of direct AMC chemosensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia...

.... Gattuso   J.-P. , Hansson   L. ), pp. 192 - 209 . Oxford : Oxford University Press . Batterton   C. V. , Cameron   J. N. ( 1978 ). Characteristics of resting ventilation and response to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and emersion in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus . J. Exp. Zool.   203...

... was estimated as a percentage of resting metabolic rate using hypercapnia to stimulate ventilation at different stages of pregnancy. The energetic cost of breathing in non-pregnant lizards was 19.96±3.85% of resting metabolic rate and increased threefold to 62.80±10.11% during late gestation. This significant...

.... * Author for correspondence ( suzy.munns@jcu.edu.au ) 17 11 2011 © 2012. 2012 ventilation breathing pattern oxygen consumption blood gases exercise hypercapnia crocodilian Crocodilians generate subatmospheric pulmonary pressures to inflate their lungs. Unlike mammals...

... at current atmospheric P CO2 (∼400 μatm, normocapnia) or P CO2 projected by moderate IPCC scenarios for the year 2100 (∼700–800 μatm, hypercapnia). Exposure of the juvenile oysters to elevated P CO2 and/or low salinity led to a significant increase in mortality, reduction of tissue energy stores (glycogen...