... in environmental salinity, it does not utilise intracellular accumulation of free amino acids to avoid cell volume changes under hyperosmotic stress ( Taylor and Andrews, 1988 ). In contrast, the euryhaline snail Theodoxus fluviatilis , which occurs in freshwater lakes in central Europe as well as in brackish...

... freezing at −20°C. Cold-hardening markedly increased hemolymph osmolality, as well as hemolymph levels of free proline, total amino acids and proteins. Cold-hardiness Cholesterol Free amino acids Proline Glycerol Cryoprotection Many temperate and polar insects avoid chilling and freezing...

... amplitude of less than 1°C. The species responses to temperature variation were assessed in the laboratory using five physiological variables: survival, locomotor activity, aerobic respiration, immune defense and concentrations of total free amino acids and sugars. The three species exhibited contrasted...

...Karl Erik Zachariassen; Anders Johny Olsen; Tore Aunaas ABSTRACT Free amino acids in the posterior adductor muscle of mussels ( Mytilus edulis ) occur in a high-energy gradient group, with energy gradients of 15–18 kJ mol −1 (aspartate, beta-alanine, glycine, taurine and threonine), and a low...

... between p- and P-fed insects was attributable to changes in the blood concentration of free amino acids. Of the 16 free amino acids found, 11 occurred in significantly higher concentrations in the blood of P-fed insects. There was no significant difference in the polypeptide and protein content...