... facing metabolic trade-offs (reduced energy supply/increased energy demand) favor a regulated hypothermic response at the expense of fever. To test this hypothesis, we compared 5 day old broiler chicks exposed to fasting, cold (25°C), and fasting combined with cold with a control group fed under...

... the behavioral changes that vertebrate animals experience following infection. We then compare and contrast the physiological mechanisms responsible for generating these sickness behaviors across different taxa. Bacteria Parasite Pathogen Infection Diseases Sickness behavior Fever Cytokines...

... of permanently reduced innate immune function. Acute-phase response Arctic Body temperature Fever Innate immunity Thermoregulation Animals in seasonal environments face a thermal transition as summer turns to winter, with ambient temperature ( T a ) often fluctuating more than 50°C between...

...Manette Marais; Shane K. Maloney; David A. Gray SUMMARY Endotoxin tolerance represents a state of abated immunological responsiveness to pyrogens, which, in mammals, leads to the decline or abolition of the fever response. The development of endotoxin tolerance in birds is not well understood...

... mechanisms underlying such differential investment in immunity remain unknown. Uncovering these mechanisms is crucial to determining how and where selection acts to shape immunological defense. Among free-living song sparrows ( Melospiza melodia ) in western North America, sickness-induced lethargy and fever...