... Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy,.Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA *Author for correspondence: jennifer.clark2@alumni.unlv.edu Key Words: Starvation; ecdysone; larval development; body size; evolution; fat; Summary Statement Evolution from starvation selection can reduce and delay hormones that coordinate...

...Kyle A. Sirovy; Sandra M. Casas; Jerome F. La Peyre; Morgan W. Kelly ABSTRACT Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica , are facing rapid environmental changes in the northern Gulf of Mexico and can respond to these changes via plasticity or evolution. Plastic responses can immediately buffer against...

... by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2023 Summary: Sleep is a familiar, everyday experience that is near ubiquitous in animals. We review sleep across taxa, highlighting the diversity of observed sleep behaviour and insights into sleep physiology and function. Sleep Evolution Phylogeny Sleep...

.... © 2023. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2023 Summary: Many experiments have been undertaken to evaluate the potential for invertebrates to adapt to climate change, but validation of experimental results is proving difficult. Adaptation Climate Evolution Invertebrate...

... shows little variation during evolution and modifying the levels of allosteric factors can be viewed as an adaption to adjust Hb–oxygen affinity to metabolic demands (the same also happens during ontogeny). Nonetheless, in some lineages, mutations raising Hb–oxygen affinity allowed some species...

... and costs that remain poorly understood. New technologies for visualization and functional analysis of tracheal systems provide exciting approaches for investigations that will be of broad significance for understanding invertebrate evolution. * Author for correspondence ( j.harrison@asu.edu...

... to understanding animal energy budgets. Variation in lifestyle and activity level can impact individuals’ TEE on short time scales, but interspecific differences in TEE are largely shaped by evolution. Here, we review work on energy expenditure across the animal kingdom, with a particular focus on endotherms...

... discuss how research into bird bills has been shaped over recent decades, and its influence on our understanding of avian ecology and evolution. Next, I examine how bill material properties and geometry influence performance in dietary and non-dietary contexts, simultaneously imposing trade-offs on other...

... the neurophysiological and neuropathological bases of aging and its effect on learning and memory abilities. The study of the connectome in insects and mollusks will provide important comparative information on how some neuronal connections have been maintained during the evolution despite the immense diversity...

... Summary: Neuroendocrine regulation of ecdysis in Holometabola is conserved in the hemimetabolous insect Rhodnius prolixus but these neuropeptides have no role in ovary maturation, indicating differences in the regulation of reproduction in Hemimetabola. Evolution Metamorphosis Holometabola...

... the diversity of venomous vertebrates, including snakes, helodermatid lizards and even monotreme and insectivore mammals, could greatly illuminate our understanding of venom evolution in vertebrates. Further, if regional expression turns out to be a generalized phenomenon in snake venom glands, organoids could...

... searched the literature for evidence of the use of asymmetrical gaits across extant gnathostomes, and from this sample ( n =308 species) modeled the evolution of asymmetrical gaits assuming four different scenarios. Our analysis shows strongest support for an evolutionary model where asymmetrical gaits...

... and by substrate particle characteristics, being enhanced by narrow heads and bodies and in fine particles. Evolution Burrowing Penetration force Phenotypic evolution Physical model Substrates composed of granular media dominate the Earth and are an important habitat for many animals ( European...

... ) as it is in lamprey (present study). The present study therefore provides the first direct evidence that the corticosteroid control of gluconeogenesis occurred before the divergence of actinopterygia and sarcopterygia. The present study offers further insight into the evolution of corticosteroid function...

.... Neurol. 21 , 1155 - 1168 . 10.1002/neu.480210802 Bass , A. H. and Baker , R. ( 1991 ). Evolution of homologous vocal control traits . Brain Behav. Evol. 38 , 240 - 254 . 10.1159/000114391 Bass , A. H. and Baker , R. ( 1997 ). Phenotypic specification...

...Kelly E. South; Bernhard Klingenberg; Elizabeth C. Leininger ABSTRACT Characterizing sex and species differences in muscle physiology can contribute to a better understanding of proximate mechanisms underlying behavioral evolution. In Xenopus , the laryngeal muscle's ability to contract rapidly...

...Nathaly Hernández-Díaz; Francisca Leal; Martha Patricia Ramírez-Pinilla ABSTRACT An exceptional case of parallel evolution between lizards and eutherian mammals occurs in the evolution of viviparity. In the lizard genus Mabuya , viviparity provided the environment for the evolution of yolk-reduced...

... Reproduction Evolution Neural substrates Few decisions in life are more consequential for individual fitness than choosing a mate. Mate choice (see Glossary) is the result of selectively mating with only some individuals of the opposite sex, whose members compete for fertilization opportunities...

..., such as corticosterone, affect an organism's ability to overcome such challenges. We hypothesized that changes in the glucocorticoid response curve contribute to the evolution of increased performance during challenging conditions, and tested it on bank voles ( Myodes glareolus ) from a multidirectional artificial...

...: Thermogenic UCP1 was pseudogenized much earlier than previously thought, in a common ancestor of peccaries and pigs, providing the molecular rationale for cold sensitivity and current tropical biogeography among extant peccaries. Uncoupling protein 1 Endothermy Evolution Brown adipose tissue...