... and Ives , A. R. ( 2003 ). Testing for phylogenetic signal in comparative data: Behavioral traits are more labile . Evolution 57 , 717 - 745 . 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00285.x Boratyński , Z. ( 2020 ). Energetic constraints on mammalian home-range size . Funct. Ecol. 34...

... some evidence for an energetic advantage from sex reversal in both species but do not exclude energetic processes as a constraint on the distribution of sex reversal in nature. * Author for correspondence ( kristoffer.wild@anu.edu.au ) Competing interests The authors declare no competing...

... Energetics Metabolism Mirounga leonina Agence Nationale de la Recherche http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665 Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004796 In living organisms, maintaining energy balance is key to survival...

... and work requirements of lower-limb musculature and whole-body metabolic energy requirements across a wide variety of human hopping conditions to guide biomechanical models of energy expenditure. Biomechanics Energetics Locomotion Ultrasound, Electromyography University of Queensland...

... important attributes of its life history and biology. Although evolution may guide animals to different sizes, shapes, energetic profiles or ecological niches, it is the laws of physics that limit biological processes and, in turn, affect how animals interact with their environment. Consideration of scaling...

...Amanda McGrosky; Herman Pontzer ABSTRACT Total energy expenditure (TEE) represents the total energy allocated to growth, reproduction and body maintenance, as well as the energy expended on physical activity. Early experimental work in animal energetics focused on the costs of specific tasks (basal...

... running and hopping. Accounting for these changes improves the ‘cost of generating force’ hypothesis application across step frequencies in bouncing gaits. Locomotion Energetics Biomechanics Spring–mass model McCamish Parkinson's Disease Innovation Program For decades...

... of these differences, phocids are expected to have greater energetic costs when moving on land compared with otariids. The mechanical costs of transport (COT) and power outputs of terrestrial locomotion were first obtained from one male and two female adult California sea lions through video recording locomotion...

...-state metabolism Energetics University of Houston http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007144 The U -shaped net cost of transport (COT) curve of walking is a highly conserved feature in humans ( Ralston, 1958 ), which has helped scientists understand the mechanical determinants...

... little energy to sustain themselves under natural conditions. These data provide the first characterization of the energetics and consumer role of this vulnerable and understudied species in the wild, which is essential given growing pressures from climate change and expanding commercial fisheries...

...Austin S. Allen; Andrew J. Read; K. Alex Shorter; Joaquin Gabaldon; Ashley M. Blawas; Julie Rocho-Levine; Andreas Fahlman ABSTRACT Estimates of the energetic costs of locomotion (COL) at different activity levels are necessary to answer fundamental eco-physiological questions and to understand...

....2002.330304.x Norton , D. W. ( 1973 ). Ecological energetics of Calidrine Sandpipers breeding in Northern Alaska . Diss. Abst. Int. 34 , 2267 - 2268 . Osborne , O. E. , O'Hara , P. D. , Whelan , S. , Zandbergen , P. , Hatch , S. A. and Elliott , K. H. ( 2020...

... resulted in walruses hauling out on land where they have to travel farther to access productive benthic habitat while potentially increasing energetic costs. Despite the need to better understand the impact of sea ice loss on energy expenditure, knowledge about metabolic demands of specific behaviours...

.... Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2021 Highlighted Article: Differences in the mechanics and energetics of walking suggest that children cannot be simply modeled as scaled-down versions of adults. Child Locomotion Energetics Metabolic Spring University of Houston...

...Rebecca Rimbach; Ahmad Amireh; Austin Allen; Brian Hare; Emily Guarino; Chana Kaufman; Hannah Salomons; Herman Pontzer ABSTRACT Marine mammals are thought to have an energetically expensive lifestyle because endothermy is costly in marine environments. However, measurements of total energy...

... of difficulty and velocity. Here, we assessed the effects of velocity, route difficulty and anatomical variation on the energetic cost of climbing within humans. Twelve experienced rock climbers climbed on an indoor wall over a range of difficulty levels and velocities, with energy expenditure measured via...

... accompanying reproduction remains equivocal. In fact, many studies have found no difference in DEE between reproducing and non-reproducing females. One of the hypotheses explaining the lack of difference is the concept of an ‘energetic ceiling’. However, it is unclear whether the lack of increase in energy...

.... Characterizing the process of eggshell puncture in increasingly naturalistic contexts will help in understanding whether and how hosts of brood parasites evolve to reject foreign eggs. Summary: Experiments demonstrate that tool type, nest-substrate presence and speed all affect the energetics of avian egg...

... similarities in travel between grizzly bears and humans, increasing the risk of encounters on shared landscapes. Energetics Ursus arctos , GPS Movement ecology Locomotion Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Energy is a limiting factor for many species of wildlife ( Parker et al., 1984 ; Shepard...

.../ Summary: In humans, carrying loads on the swinging arms is as costly as carrying loads at the waist, despite the expectation that swinging a mass about a limb should be much more costly. Arm swing Metabolic cost Energetics Locomotion Biomechanics It is quite common for animals to carry...