... accompanied swallowing behavior. Using immunohistochemistry, intracellular electrophysiology and extracellular nerve stimulation, we show that a member of the invGnRH/CRZ family of neuropeptides could be the signal that contextually switches the multifunctional buccal CPG to a biphasic rasping rhythm...

... ; SA3 Fastcam, Photron, West Wycombe, UK), filming two test targets, one from each projector, moving along synchronised circular trajectories with offset radii ( Fig. 1 C). Visual stimuli were synchronised with electrophysiology traces via a photodiode sensing a small 50×50 pixel box alternating black...

... reabsorption by secondary cells . J. Exp. Biol. 218 , 3206 - 3214 . 10.1242/jeb.128314 Pannabecker , T. L. , Aneshansley , D. J. and Beyenbach , K. W. ( 1992 ). Unique electrophysiological effects of dinitrophenol in Malpighian tubules . Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp...

... electrophysiology. The reduced signal reception would translate into reduced activation of the olfactory bulb neurons, which are responsible for processing olfactory information in the brain. Over longer exposures of days to weeks, changes in gene expression in the olfactory receptors and olfactory bulb neurons...

... polarized visual information might be processed separately. Electrophysiology Stomatopod Polarization vision Lamina Visual neuropil Many animals, particularly invertebrates, possess photoreceptors that are sensitive to linearly polarized light (LPL; for review, see Cronin et al., 2014...

... of acclimation to similar temperatures in laboratory conditions, highlighting the importance of seasonal cues for cardiac remodelling in a eurythermal fish. Heart Action potential Electrophysiology Hypertrophy Thermal remodelling Myoxocephalus scorpio Fishes living in temperate latitudes...

... Electrophysiology Epithelial disruption Pathogen Skin sloughing Amphibians are the most threatened class of vertebrates, with approximately 30% globally classified as threatened with extinction ( IUCN, 2017 ). Although anthropogenic disturbances are the main cause of amphibian declines ( Stuart et al...

... in coordinating activity across the nervous system. Hirudo verbana Electrophysiology S cell Sensory systems Aquatic predators Aquatic predators utilize a wide variety of sensory modalities to localize their prey. Some use modalities that are also available to predators in other environments...

..., can be probed by mass spectrometry imaging, immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassays. Functional information has been gained primarily from behavioral studies coupled with tissue-specific assays, electrophysiology, mass spectrometry and optogenetic tools. Concerning the receptors for neuropeptides...

..., which facilitates their study with electrophysiological techniques. Naturally occurring avoidance behaviors, in particular, can be easily and reliably evoked in the laboratory, enabling their neurophysiological investigation. Studies in the laboratory alone, however, can lead to a biased interpretation...

... stimuli such as herbivore-induced fig volatiles and CO 2 elicited electrophysiological responses from the ovipositors. Silver nitrate staining also revealed pores in ovipositor sensilla, indicating their olfactory nature. Insects could use volatile sensors on their ovipositors to evaluate ecologically...

... by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2016 Summary: Female Heliconius erato butterflies have two UV-sensitive photoreceptors, but males only have one, and both sexes have a red-sensitive photoreceptor. Rhodopsin Opsin Electrophysiology Nymphalidae Insect Color vision As vision incurs...

... signal transduction mechanisms to respond with effective prey capture and predator evasion behaviors. However, the sensory biology of alveolate grazers is poorly understood. Using novel techniques that combine electrophysiological measurements and high-speed videomicroscopy, we investigated the sensory...

... μmol l −1 ) did not affect opercular epithelia electrophysiology. Isolated opercular epithelia bathed in SW on the mucosal side had a transepithelial potential ( V t ) of +40.1±0.9 mV ( N =24), sufficient for passive Na + secretion (Nernst equilibrium voltage≡ E Na =+24.11 mV). Opercular epithelia from...

... the speed and high sensitivity of scolopidia of the Johnston's organs, and hence their ability to encode fine antennal vibrations. * Authors for correspondence ( alexdieu@uw.edu ; sane@ncbs.res.in ) Lepidoptera Antennae Mechanosensors Johnston's organ Scolopidia Electrophysiology Flight...

..., 2000a ; Levi and Camhi, 2000b ). The existence of such a higher-level integrator seems therefore plausible in our case, but is an assumption that needs to be tested using electrophysiological methods. Furthermore, if the animal had multiple integrating decoders with different time constants, they could...

... human volunteers to assess the role of olfaction in host searching by bed bugs. By coupled gas chromatography and single sensillum recordings on all the antennal sensilla, we measured the electrophysiological response elicited by the compounds present in our human odour extracts. Only five compounds...

... Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA * Author for correspondence ( ssecor@biology.as.ua.edu ) 12 10 2011 © 2012. 2012 digestion electrophysiology gastric acid intestinal base Nerodia rhombifer postprandial Python molurus reptile snake specific...

... of the AME retinae ( Kaps and Schmid, 1996 ). * Author for correspondence ( lisa.fenk@univie.ac.at ) 10 8 2011 © 2011. 2011 electrophysiology eye muscle spider eye temporal resolution Cupiennius salei (Ctenidae) retreats during the daytime and starts to hunt and search...

... by 0.7 mmol l –1 tetraethyl ammonium and 5 mmol l –1 4-aminopyridine. Comparison of sequence and functional properties of jShaw1 with the mouse and other reported K v 3 channels helps to illuminate the general relationship between amino acid sequence and electrophysiological activity in this channel...