... the curve in the signal band to the area under the rest of the curve, up to 60 beats min −1 . (B) Heart rates observed in the 3D blue whale BCG followed characteristic diving physiology patterns. Heart rate is lowest at the start of the dive (∼4–5 beats min −1 ), increasing towards ascent (∼8–9 beats min −1...

... or financial interests. 22 12 2021 8 4 2022 © 2022. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2022 Summary: Heart rate reduction in loggerhead sea turtles during diving is mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system. Diving physiology Diving bradycardia Heart rate...

... that total lung capacity is overestimated by established allometric relationships, and affirms that body density and net vertical forces influence the cost of diving. Pusa hispida Buoyancy Computed tomography Diving physiology Total lung capacity A key question in comparative physiology...

... cause large variation in f H , thereby confounding temporal averages of f H . Diving physiology Marine mammals Cardiac ultrasound Cetaceans Aortic flow Ejection fraction Dive response Respiratory sinus arrythmia Summary: Data from five species of cetaceans show a strong...

... at a given pressure may be 12–50% less than from the start of the dive; the actual difference will depend on the length of the dive, the cardiac output, the pulmonary shunt and the metabolic rate. Novel methods and improved understanding of diving physiology will be required to verify the size of the effects...

... of intact lipid molecules are the key. N 2 solubility Adipose tissue Diving tetrapods Decompression sickness Diving physiology Diving tetrapods (e.g. sea turtles, seabirds and marine mammals) possess unique physiological adaptations for a life underwater ( Davis, 2014 ; reviewed...

.... and Ponganis , P. J. ( 2018 ). Diving physiology . In Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (ed. W. F.   Perrin , B.   Würsiga and J. G. M.   Thewissen ), pp. 267 - 271 . Elsevier . Leith , D. E. ( 1970 ). Comparative mammalian respiratory mechanics . Physiologist   19 , 485 - 510...

.... Spirometry End-expired gas Breathing frequency Tidal volume Marine mammal Diving physiology Marine mammals forage underwater but need to return to the surface to replenish O 2 stores and to remove the CO 2 produced during dives. While holding their breath underwater, they use the O 2...

... pulmonary perfusion during diving, but this may become a liability during stress at depth, which may increase inert gas uptake resulting in gas emboli. Blood flow Decompression sickness Diving physiology Pulmonary blood flow Stress Marine vertebrates have developed a variety of mechanisms...

... on wild porpoises that found that 94–95% of dives are <3 min in duration ( Otani et al., 1998 ; Westgate et al., 1995 ). Currently, one of the biggest knowledge gaps in the diving physiology of marine mammals relates to muscle perfusion during natural dives. Although this is difficult...

... lions. Use of a stroke–glide strategy also contributes to minimization of work effort. Diving physiology Flipper stroke rate Marine mammal Venous oxygen Optimal management of oxygen stores underlies the breath-hold capacity of air-breathing divers. The utilization of oxygen stores...

... our ability to more accurately understand the physiological limitations and gas exchange dynamics in cetacean diving physiology. Continuous flow Doppler ultrasound was used to measure f H and SV at the aortic tract level during 32 rest and 31 post-exercise sessions from six adult male...

... is related to lipid composition; most tissues exceed the fat nitrogen solubility value traditionally used in marine mammal gas dynamics models. Diving physiology Toothed whale Acoustic fats Decompression sickness Embolism Marine mammals are superlative divers, and it has been suggested...

... Highlighted Article: A custom-built pneumotachometer provides novel data on respiratory physiology and lung mechanics in bottlenose dolphins. Lung mechanics Total lung capacity Minimum air volume Excised lung Diving physiology Marine mammals Breath-hold diving mammals live a life of dual...

... and drafting and editing of the manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 27 6 2013 19 11 2013 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Diving Lung collapse Pressure–volume Compliance Diving physiology Alveolar...

.... This hypothesis has remained a central tenet in marine mammal diving physiology, with the assumption that this trait will reduce uptake of nitrogen (N 2 ) and the risk of decompression sickness. Nevertheless, only a few studies have attempted to determine how pressure affects gas exchange in forced or freely...

... experimental hyperbaric lung compression dolphin seal diving physiology Decompression sickness (DCS) can result from the phase change of supersaturated tissues during diver ascent. The resultant potential for gas embolus formation, which may or may not be associated with tissue damage, remains...

...-mail: andreas_fahlman@yahoo.com ) 15 9 2008 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 field metabolic rate diving physiology marine mammal hypometabolism O 2 debt CO 2 exchange physiological plasticity The metabolic cost associated with foraging is a critical component...

..., Canada A1W 3B3 25 8 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea bioenergetics field metabolic rate diving physiology Physiology, environment and life history constrain animal energetics and behavior. Marine turtles...

... and Tomlinson, 1986 ; Hoffman,2001 ). Therefore, metoprolol inhibited post-dive surface tachycardia by blocking sympathetic inputs to β-adrenergic receptors on the heart. † Author for correspondence (e-mail: jones@zoology.ubc.ca ) © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 diving diving...