... whether distance estimation in G. petersii is mediated by both amplitude and waveform images, we performed recordings of dipole objects at three different object-to-fish distances (5, 6.5, 8 mm). As different capacitive dipole objects were generated by only changing the internal circuit settings...

... to accurately strike at artificial prey, even if none of these typical distance estimation cues are available to them. Specifically, we excluded bilateral binocular stereopsis by occlusion, confounded possible motion parallax cues with an artificially moving prey, and excluded the possibility that beetle larvae...

... reporting outbound travel as decisive in distance estimation ( Srinivasan et al., 1997 ), and others reporting averaging of outbound and inbound journeys ( Otto, 1959 ). The experimental procedures of Otto ( Otto, 1959 ) were similar to those described above for desert ants. The animals’ homebound journeys...

... is thus equivalent to a 186 m flight outdoors. The flight in the vertical tunnel corresponds to a flight of 174 m down into the earth. This effectively means that the two tunnels simulated flights to food sources that were more than 200 m apart, but the bees conveyed roughly similar distance estimates...

... (e-mail: ajay.narendra@gmail.com ) 4 12 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 ant distance estimation acquisition memory decay integration navigation Melophorus bagoti Ants, one of the most abundant groups of insects, exhibit diverse navigational...

...Gunnar Grah; Rüdiger Wehner; Bernhard Ronacher SUMMARY In this study, we investigate the ability of desert ants to gauge the ground distances of sloped sections in a three-dimensional (3D) outbound path. Ground distance estimation, as opposed to a simple measurement of walking distances...

... postembryonic development . J. Insect Physiol . 39 , 485 – 491 . Kral , K. ( 1998 ). Binocular vision and distance estimation . In The Praying Mantids: Research Perspectives (ed. F. R. Prete , H. Wells , P. H. Wells and L. E. Hurd ). Baltimore : Johns Hopkins...

.... Flight altitude is important for distance estimation by retinal image flow, because objects move faster and farther across the retina when the bee flies closer to the ground. When the forager’s flight behavior is considered, the optical flow hypothesis does not conflict with previous findings. ©...

.../BF00338750 Via , S. ( 1977 ). Visually mediated snapping in the bulldog ant: a perceptual ambiguity between size and distance . J. comp. Physiol. A 121 , 33 – 55 . 10.1007/BF00614179 Walcher , F. and Kral , K. ( 1994 ). Visual deprivation and distance estimation...

... ). Ontogeny of hit distance estimation in Ranatra . Biol. Behav . 5 , 97 – 118 . Cloarec , A. ( 1984a ). Mechanismes intervenant dans l’estimation des distances prédateur-proie chez Ranatra . Behav. Proc . 9 , 123 – 133 . 10.1016/0376-6357(84)90034-2 Cloarec , A. ( 1984b...