... and the neuropeptide, TPep-NLS. Further,four CBF stimulants (zero external Cl - , depolarization, dopamine and TPep-NLS) depend on a common mode of action, viz . Ca 2+ influx, possibly through voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels, and can be blocked by nifedipine. Ca 2+ influx alone, however, does not provide all the internal...

... the tissues. During the initial 8 h period, the C flies had significant losses of K + and Na + from the tissue—gut—cuticle, and some Cl - may have been lost concomitantly from these sites. For this reason, we are unable to conclude that the reduction in Cl - was a major component of hemolymph...