..., and the abundance of endotoxin-producing bacteria persists. Our results suggest an overall link between chronic stress, host immune system and the microbiome, with the loss of potentially beneficial taxa (e.g. lactic acid bacteria), and an increase in endotoxin-producing bacteria due to stress and captivity...

...Egidi Mayara Silva Firmino; Luciana Bärg Kuntze; Davi Campos Lagatta; Daniel Penteado Martins Dias; Leonardo Barbosa Moraes Resstel ABSTRACT Chronic stress results in physiological and somatic changes. It has been recognized as a risk factor for several types of cardiovascular dysfunction...

... in fish, showing that the molecular basis of heart disease is conserved from fish to mammals. Myocardial hypertrophy Chronic stress Heart failure Rainbow trout Cardiac performance Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the western world. In addition to classical risk...

... to the physiological state. Ecoimmunology Chronic stress Stress hormones Attacin Phenoloxidase Glutathione Octopamine Predation Predators induce fight-or-flight stress responses in their prey, but chronic activation of these responses results in immunosuppression in mammals ( Sapolsky et al., 2000...

... regulation hypothesis suggests that organisms act to conserve their current energetic state during periods of diminished food access and recuperate their energetic reserves (fat and muscle) during periods of greater food availability. In contrast, the chronic stress hypothesis suggests that variation...