... balance: excretion. In The Physiology of Insecta (ed. M. Rockstein), pp. 362 -446. New York: Academic Press. Sugg, P., Edwards, J. S. and Baust, J. ( 1983 ). Phenology and life history of Belgica antarctica , an Antarctic midge(Diptera: Chironomidae). Ecol. Entomol. 8 , 105 -113. Usher, M...

...Michael A. Elnitsky; Scott A. L. Hayward; Joseph P. Rinehart; David L. Denlinger; Richard E. Lee, Jr SUMMARY During winter, larvae of the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica (Diptera, Chironomidae), must endure 7–8 months of continuous subzero temperatures, encasement in a matrix of soil and ice...

... typically remains between 0 and –2°C and rarely falls below –7°C( Baust and Lee, 1981 ). In common with many Chironomidae, B. antarctica larvae are not particularly resistant to water loss, but are highly desiccation tolerant( Baust and Lee, 1987 ). Indeed, B. antarctica appears highly resilient...

... (e-mail: kathryn.hassell@rmit.edu.au ) 24 7 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 salinity Ephemeroptera Chironomidae stream invertebrate sub-lethal toxicity Increasing salinity is a recognised environmental problem world wide, and in Australia...

.... Here, we report a novel role for RCH by showing that RCH also increases freezing tolerance in an Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica (Diptera, Chironomidae). The RCH response of B. antarctica was investigated under two distinct physiological states: summer acclimatized and cold acclimated. Summer...

... organisms. † Author for correspondence (e-mail: oku@affrc.go.jp ) 17 6 2022 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 Polypedilum vanderplanki Chironomidae cryptobiosis anhydrobiosis trehalose Organisms have evolved various mechanisms for adaptation to adverse...