... between choosing resistance or conductance can be marked. We also explain here how the ratio of conductance in the pulmonary and systemic circulations provides a more intuitive description of cardiac shunt patterns in the reptilian cardiovascular system than the more commonly used ratio of resistance...

..., there was a postprandial reduction in a net left–right (L–R) shunt in N21 snapping turtles only. Relative to N21 turtles, H10 animals exhibited higher due to increased blood flow through the right systemic outflow vessels of the heart. This effect of hypoxic embryonic development, reducing a net L–R cardiac shunt, may...

...) show a large capacity for cardiac shunting. Cardiovascular Cardiac shunting Reptile Blood flow Perfused heart Since the advent of air-breathing, the morphology of the vertebrate heart has undergone extensive remodelling to accommodate perfusion of the lungs by virtue of a pulmonary...

... is that the ratio of pulmonary and systemic resistances is the primary determinant of cardiac shunting in turtles. In the present study, we have examined the adrenergic influences on vascular resistances in the pulmonary and systemic circulations and the associated effects on cardiac shunts in turtles. To achieve...

... very large cardiac shunts. Very little is known about the cardiac shunt patterns in other groups of reptiles. Here we characterise cardiac performance and flow dynamics in the Burmese python ( Python molurus ) using an in situ perfused heart preparation. The pericardium remained intact and the two...

... blood flow (C); Q̇ sys , systemic blood flow (D); f H , heart rate (E); V s , total stroke. volume (F); Q̇ shunt , net R–L cardiac shunt (G) and Q̇ pc / Q̇ sys (H). Values are presented as means ±1 S.E.M. ( N =6). Mean values that are significantly different from the normoxic condition...

...@biologie.hu-berlin.de ). 15 07 1996 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1996 turtle cardiac shunting blood partitioning three outflow vessel model Trachemys scripta The anatomically undivided ventricle of noncrocodilian reptiles has two inflow openings and three outflow...