..., Symbiodinium rely on the host to supply inorganic carbon (C i ) for photosynthesis. In corals, host ‘proton pump’ vacuolar-type H + -ATPase (VHA) is part of a carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) that promotes Symbiodinium photosynthesis. Here, we report that VHA in the small giant clam ( Tridacna maxima...

... gills, potential bone dissolution by Osedax bone-eating worms and its participation in a carbon-concentrating mechanism that promotes coral photosynthesis. Because VHA is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes, it is likely to play many other essential physiological roles in diverse marine organisms...