...Maximilian Schmitt; Thies H. Büscher; Stanislav N. Gorb; Hamed Rajabi ABSTRACT During the lifespan of the stick insect Carausius morosus , their long and narrow tibiae experience substantial compressive loads. The mechanical load on the tibiae increases as the weight of the insect rises...

... is illustrated to measure the Young's modulus of the outermost layer of the arolium, i.e. of the epicuticle, of the stick insect Carausius morosus . As a result of the epicuticle being supported by upright fibres, tensile tests allow the determination of the Young's modulus of the epicuticle with hardly...

...Philipp Bußhardt; Stanislav N. Gorb; Harald Wolf SUMMARY The activity of the middle part of the claw retractor muscle was examined in two species of stick insects ( Carausius morosus and Cuniculina impigra ). We performed electromyographic recordings while the animals were standing on a smooth...

... ). In the search for a possible insect hyperglycaemic factor, early attempts were made in the stick insect Carausius morosus (Sinety 1901) to identify a putative CHH-like molecule. Strong evidence for a close similarity between this first insect CHH-like peptide (still uncharacterised) and the CHH of the crab...

... ). Mechanisms of stick insect locomotion in a gap-crossing paradigm. J. Comp. Physiol. A 190 , 173 -183. Brunn, D. E. and Dean, J. ( 1994 ). Intersegmental and local interneurons in the metathorax of the stick insect Carausius morosus that monitor leg position. J. Neurophysiol. 72 , 1208 -1219...

... a behavioural transition do so at the same rate. The present study tests this assumption by analysing the sequence of kinematic events during turning of the stick insect Carausius morosus , and by measuring how the time courses of the changing parameters differ between legs. Turning was triggered reliably...

... walking, the coupling strength associated with these rules has never been measured experimentally. Generally coupling strength of the underlying mechanisms has been considered constant rather than context-dependent. The present study analyses stepping patterns of the stick insect Carausius morosus during...

... Carausius morosus A fundamental goal of ethological studies is to understand how complex behaviour is controlled. This goal can be achieved by breaking down the continuous flow of activity into single actions that can easily be identified and counted. For investigating the control of adaptive...

..., the kinematic sequence of leg searching movements of the stick insect Carausius morosus is analysed. Searching movements are shown to be stereotypic rhythmic movement sequences consisting of several loops. The typical loop structure allows the mean tarsus trajectory to be calculated using a feature-based...

... of Biologists Limited 1997 adaptive gain control proprioceptive feedback joint control loop tactile stimulus motoneurone reflex modulation neuronal gain mechanisms stick insect Carausius morosus The adaptive properties of the nervous system enable an animal to show flexible reactions...

... characteristics of the muscles or joint architecture (muscle–joint system) are also involved in these behavioural specializations. We compared the properties of the muscle system moving the femur–tibia joint of the middle and hindleg of three species, Carausius morosus, Cuniculina impigra and Locusta migratoria...

... muscarinic agonists step-phase transition invertebrate acetylcholine receptor Carausius morosus stick insect The neural basis of rhythmic movements has been studied extensively in a variety of systems. It is now generally accepted that rhythmic motor activity used for locomotion is generated...

...Josef Schmitz ABSTRACT The responses of retractor coxae and protractor coxae motoneurones and of the retractor coxae muscle to cuticular stress applied to the leg were investigated in standing and walking stick insects, Carausius morosus . The coxa of a middle or hind leg was restrained...

...H. Cruse; J. Schmitz; U. Braun; A. Schweins ABSTRACT The properties of the system that controls the distance between body and ground was investigated in the stick insect Carausius morosus . The insect walked on a lightweight double treadwheel under open-loop or closed-loop conditions. The open-loop...

... The Company of Biologists Limited 1992 REFERENCES Bàssler , U. ( 1972a ). Der ‘Kniesehnenreflex’ bei Carausius morosus: Übergangsfunktion und Frequenzgang . Kybemetik 11 , 32 – 50 . Bàssler , U. ( 1972b ). Der Regelkreis des Kniesehnenreflexes bei der Stabheuschrecke...

.... 159, 449-471 (1991) 449 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1991 EFFECT OF LOAD ON LEG MOVEMENT AND STEP COORDINATION OF THE STICK INSECT CARAUSIUS MOROSUS BY JEFFREY DEAN Abteilung fur Biokybernetik und Theoretische Biologie, Fakultdt fur Biologie, Universitat Bielefeld...

... ). Der ‘Kniesehnenreflex’ bei Carausius morosus: Übergangsfunktion und Frequenzgang . Kybernetik 11 , 32 – 50 . 10.1007/BF00267763 Bässler , U. ( 1972b ). Der Regelkreis des Kniesehnenreflexes bei der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus: Reaktionen auf passive Bewegungen der Tibia...

...G. Radnikow; U. Bässler ABSTRACT The course of the common apodeme of the tripartite retractor unguis muscle is described for the stick insects Carausius morosus and Acrophylla wulfingii . This apodeme travels through the femoro-tibial joint well outside the axis of rotation of the joint...