... for correspondence ( sdeban@usf.edu ) 19 10 2011 © 2012. 2012 electromyography EMG Canis locomotion symmetrical gait asymmetrical gait The extrinsic limb muscles are crucial functional components for locomotion in quadrupedal mammals. These muscles span the proximal fulcra...

... this effect. As expected, the risk of nose-up pitching during uphill trotting is substantially less, given the cranial COM position of most quadrupeds. david.lee@unlv.edu 19 10 2010 © 2011. 2011 Canis quadruped incline decline hill locomotion running ground reaction force...

... of a parasagittal limb posture and greater sagittal mobility. * Author for correspondence ( nadja.schilling@uni-jena.de ) 24 1 2010 © 2010. 2010 back muscles EMG Canis trunk symmetrical gaits asymmetrical gaits The axial musculoskeletal system represents the ancestral engine...

... lumborum was monitored at three different cranio-caudal sites along the trunk (T13, L3, L6) in six mixed-breed dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus 1758) while they trotted on a motorized treadmill at moderate speed (∼2 m s –1 ). The mean body mass of the three males and three females was 25±3 kg. All...

... running dog Canis force braking propulsion center of mass limb trunk The function of individual limbs is difficult to assess in running quadrupeds. Not only are the limbs in different positions with respect to the center of mass, they also interact simultaneously with the substrate...