... be able to strongly alter their local flow environments, from <1 cm s −1 under cobbles to >60 cm s −1 on the tops of rocks, decreasing boundary layer thicknesses and increasing rates of oxygen supply ( Denny, 1993 ). Moving greater distances to exploit high flows (e.g. by drifting) is likely...

...://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Highlighted Article: Analysis of previously undocumented skimming and sliding behaviors used by remoras reveals they preferentially adhere to areas with reduced drag on blue whales. Adhesion Echeneidae Biologging tag Drag Boundary layer...

... respiratory function. They also have a lower metabolic rate than other insects. O 2 boundary layers surrounding the beetles are present, indicating that O 2 diffuses into the surface of their bodies via cutaneous respiration. Cuticle thickness measurements and other experimental results were incorporated...

... surface roughness that is poised to disturb flow. This roughness of about 2% chord length is formed by the valleys and ridges of overlapping primary feathers with thick protruding rachides, which make the wing stiffer. An earlier flow study of laminar–turbulent boundary layer transition over prepared...

...Kazutaka Yanase; Pentti Saarenrinne ABSTRACT The boundary layers of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss , swimming at 1.02±0.09 L s −1 (mean±s.d., N =4), were measured by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique at a Reynolds number of 4×10 5 . The boundary layer profile showed unsteadiness...

... are unclear. We hypothesized that the cutaneous surface is an important site of NH 3 volatilization in air-exposed R. marmoratus . Ion-selective microelectrodes were used to measure the NH 4 + concentration and pH in the boundary layer on the cutaneous surface of fish in water or air (acute: 1 h, chronic: 11...

...S. F. Perry; K. M. Gilmour; N. J. Bernier; C. M. Wood ABSTRACT In vivo experiments were conducted on spiny dogfish ( Squalus acanthias ) and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in sea water to determine the potential role of externally oriented or gill boundary layer carbonic anhydrase in carbon...

... boundary layer adjacent to seven positions on the skin surface (one on the head, two on the yolk sac, two on the trunk, one at the base of the dorsal fin-fold and one on the proximal portion of the caudal fin-fold) of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) larvae in still water. The gradient , where x...

.... This degradation of foraging performance is most pronounced as flow shifts from a smooth-to a rough-turbulent regime, where the change in hydraulic properties is associated with contraction of the viscous sublayer region of the boundary layer. Because flow in this region is quasi-laminar, the viscous sublayer may...

...Martin E. Feder; Richard J. Gonzalez; Tzvi Robbins; Colleen R. Talbot ABSTRACT To examine the potential impact of fluid dynamic boundary layers on cutaneous ion exchange, we investigated how bulk flow of dilute Na + solutions (≤1.0mmol l − 1 ) over the skin of intact frogs ( Rana catesbeiana...

...Martin E. Feder; David T. Booth ABSTRACT We have used oxygen microelectrodes to characterize the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen and the distance from the skin in a variety of amphibians immersed in unstirred normoxic water. A substantial hypoxic boundary layer surrounded...

...Alan W. Pinder; Martin E. Feder ABSTRACT Boundary layers may offer significant resistance to cutaneous oxygen uptake by amphibians in water. This hypothesis was tested by measuring resistance to oxygen uptake as a function of water velocity in bullfrogs submerged at 5 °C and by direct measurements...