... of four batoid fishes: a comparative study . J. Exp. Biol. 211 , 482 - 490 . 10.1242/jeb.014506 Messenger , J. B. ( 1981 ). Comparative physiology of vision in molluscs . In Comparative Physiology and Evolution of Vision in Invertebrates. C: Invertebrate Visual Centers and Behavior...

... of the fin margin. We present the first three-dimensional analysis of undulatory rajiform locomotion in a batoid, the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon orbignyi . Using three cameras (250 frames s −1 ), we gathered three-dimensional excursion data from 31 points on the pectoral fin during swimming at 1.5...

...Laura K. Jordan; Stephen M. Kajiura; Malcolm S. Gordon SUMMARY Short range hydrodynamic and electrosensory signals are important during final stages of prey capture in elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays), and may be particularly useful for dorso-ventrally flattened batoids with mouths hidden...

... electrosensory pore numbers, densities and distributions. Functional differences in detection capabilities resulting from these structural differences are largely unknown. Stingrays and other batoid fishes have eyes positioned on the opposite side of the body from the mouth. Furthermore, they often feed...