... when the animals ran the fastest with the highest stride frequencies. The coordination of multiple, in-series hydraulically actuated joints may be limited by operating speed. Arachnids Locomotion Running Instead of using muscles, spiders extend the proximal femur–patella and the distal...

...R. J. Paul; A. Pfeffer-Seidl; R. Efinger; H. O. Pörtner; H. Storz ABSTRACT The relationships between and pH were determined in cell-free undiluted haemolymph of the arachnids Eurypelma californicum, Pandinus imperator and Cupiennius salei . The pH/bicarbonate diagrams and the CO 2 equilibrium...

...R. J. Paul; B. Bergner; A. Pfeffer-Seidl; H. Decker; R. Efinger; H. Storz ABSTRACT Oxygen equilibrium curves and the relationships between the partial pressure of CO 2 and pH were determined for the haemolymph of the arachnids Eurypelma californicum, Pandinus imperator and Cupiennius salei . A new...