Humans and animals alike form oppositely valenced memories for stimuli that predict the occurrence versus the termination of a reward: appetitive ‘reward’ memory for stimuli associated with the occurrence of a reward and aversive ‘frustration’ memory for stimuli that are associated with its termination. We characterize these memories in larval Drosophila using a combination of Pavlovian conditioning, optogenetic activation of the dopaminergic central-brain DAN-i1864 neuron, and high-resolution video-tracking. This reveals their dependency on the number of training trials and the duration of DAN-i1864 activation, their temporal stability, and the parameters of locomotion that are modulated during memory expression. Together with previous results on ‘punishment’ versus ‘relief’ learning by DAN-f1 neuron activation, this reveals a 2x2 matrix of timing-dependent memory valence for the occurrence/ termination of reward/ punishment. These findings should aid the understanding and modelling of how brains decipher the predictive, causal structure of events around a target reinforcing occurrence.
Optogenetically induced reward and ‘frustration’ memory in larval Drosophila
Present address: Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
Present address: Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, Japan
- Award Group:
- Funder(s): Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Award Id(s): GE 1091/4-1
- Funder(s):
- Award Group:
- Funder(s): German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development
- Award Id(s): G-2502-418.13/2018
- Funder(s):
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Juliane Thoener, Aliće Weiglein, Bertram Gerber, Michael Schleyer; Optogenetically induced reward and ‘frustration’ memory in larval Drosophila. J Exp Biol 2022; jeb.244565. doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.244565
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