Summary
Males of many frog species develop spiny nuptial pads with underlying glands on their thumbs during the mating period. We used 3D visualisation on the European common frog Rana temporaria to show that these glands' morphology allows the channeling of secreted molecules to the pad's surface during amplexus. Combined transcriptome and proteome analyses show that proteins of the Ly-6/uPAR family, here termed amplexins, are highly expressed in the nuptial glands during the mating season, but are totally absent outside that period. The function of amplexins remains unknown, but it is interesting to note that they share structural similarities with Plethodontid Modulating Factors, proteins that influence courtship duration in salamanders.
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