.... Rho GTPase Signal transduction Trio family Cytoskeleton Neurodevelopmental disorders Cell morphogenesis Trio family proteins are key regulators of cell motility and morphogenesis, tissue development, and protein trafficking and secretion in numerous biological contexts, including...

... Differentiation Signal transduction p63, also known as Trp63 (transformation related protein 63), TP63 (tumor protein 63) or AIS (amplified in squamous cell carcinoma), is a member of the p53 family of transcription factors, which also includes p73 ( Botchkarev and Flores, 2014 ; Soares and Zhou, 2018...

... of differentiation 3 (CD3) complex. The spatial organization of the TCR–CD3 complex in the membrane is thought to be a key regulatory element of signal transduction, raising the question of how receptor clustering impacts on TCR triggering. How signal transduction at the TCR–CD3 complex encodes the quality...

... was evaluated by immunoblotting. We unexpectedly found that the phosphorylation of Sp1 at Thr-453 and Thr-739 was not increased in cells treated with PDGF ( Fig. 4 A,C,D). c-Abl Sp1 Smooth muscle Signal transduction Proliferation c-Abl (Abelson tyrosine kinase, Abl) is a non-receptor tyrosine...

...: In addition to its canonical pathway, the photoreceptor melanopsin (Opn4) signals through G proteins βγ and α i and controls several major signaling pathways, which may explain its multi-functionality. Melanopsin Opn4 Retinal GPCR G protein Signal transduction Opsin Non-mammalian...

... for signal transduction. We further discuss how signaling specificities are maintained through modules at which signals converge, with a focus on SERK-mediated receptor signaling. In Arabidopsis , a MAPK cascade that is composed of YDA (MAPKKK), MKK4 and MKK5 (hereafter, MKK4/MKK5), and MPK3 and MPK6...

... before it undergoes lysosome-mediated degradation leads to a high level of Smo accumulation, which is activated independently of ligand stimulation. ESCRT Hh Smo Vps20 Vps32 Signal transduction Hedgehog (Hh) signaling controls organ development, tissue homeostasis and body patterning...

..., ShcD is most similar to ShcA ( Jones et al., 2007 ), although their level of functional overlap has yet to be determined. Proteins of the Src homology and collagen (Shc) family are best characterised as phosphotyrosine adaptors in signal transduction cascades. Accordingly, they are anchored...

... triggers PTCH1-, SMO-, RhoA- and ROCK-dependent signal transduction pathways to promote neuronal survival after cessation of the major morphogenetic events during mouse cerebellar development. Cultures of dissociated cerebellar granule cells were prepared from 6- to 7-day-old mice as described...

..., and in the preparation of the metastatic niche ( Semenza, 2013 ). Hypoxia is also crucial for the promotion of breast cancer cells to a more invasive phenotype via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) ( Cooke et al., 2012 ; Lester et al., 2007 ). Breast cancer Ca 2+ Hypoxia Akt PTEN TRPC1 Signal...

... substrates to achieve precise spatio-temporal control of ubiquitin signals within a specific biological pathway. Deubiquitinase Deubiquitylase Signal transduction Ubiquitylation Post-translational attachment of ubiquitin, or ubiquitylation, controls most intracellular processes, including...

... , A. , Wollheim , C. B. and Satrustegui , J. ( 2009 ). Requirement for aralar and its Ca2+-binding sites in Ca2+ signal transduction in mitochondria from INS-1 clonal beta-cells . J. Biol. Chem.   284 , 515 - 524 . 10.1074/jbc.M806729200 Mukala-Nsengu , A. , Fernández-Pascual , S...

... of this domain recapitulates key aspects of Cx43 conditional deletion in bone. Gap junction Osteoblast Osteocyte Signal transduction Intercellular communication Cx43 K258Stop Gap junctions are transmembrane pores formed between two cells that allow for the direct passage of small molecules...

... CD36 exists in nanoclusters enriched with the downstream effector Fyn when unligated; multivalent ligands enhance the clusters and activate Fyn, bypassing de novo recruitment of Fyn to the clusters. CD36 Receptor and membrane biology Signal transduction Src-family kinase Super-resolution...

... and hippocampal GABAergic neurons, and that 5-HT2c receptor phosphorylation and its association with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and β-arrestin 2 is regulated by CHL1. Our results demonstrate that CHL1 regulates signal transduction pathways through constitutively active 5-HT2c receptor isoforms, thereby...

... calcium entry Ion channel Junctate Signal transduction Membrane contact site Phagocytosis Phagocytosis, the engulfment of foreign particles into a membrane-enclosed vacuole known as the phagosome, is a fundamental cellular process that is essential for bacterial killing and antigen...

... channel affects its regulation by CaM, such that its function can be rescued by CaM when one of the other two CaM-interaction sites is impaired. Calmodulin PIP 2 KCNQ M-current Signal transduction Kv7.2 (also known as KCNQ2) is the main channel mediating the non-inactivating K + M...

....   168 , 639 - 648 . 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050834 Matsumoto , T. and Claesson-Welsh , L. ( 2001 ). VEGF receptor signal transduction . Sci. STKE   2001 , re21 . 10.1126/stke.2001.112.re21 Mizushima , N. , Yoshimori , T. and Levine , B. ( 2010 ). Methods...

... of differentiated Dictyostelium discoideum cells to investigate whether localized receptor stimuli can induce the spreading of excitable waves in the G-protein-dependent signal transduction system. By imaging the spatiotemporal dynamics of fluorescent markers for phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP 3...

.... , Claesson-Welsh   L. ( 2001 ). VEGF receptor signal transduction.   Sci. STKE   2001 , re21 . Morfini   G. A. , Burns   M. , Binder   L. I. , Kanaan   N. M. , LaPointe   N. , Bosco   D. A. , Brown   R. H.   Jr , Brown   H. , Tiwari   A. , Hayward   L.   et al ( 2009...