... STAT3 activation pathway is identified. Fibrosis siRNA Fibroblast Stiffness TGF-β Myofibroblasts are key effector cells in wound healing, but also play a leading role in pathological fibrosis and contribute to tumor progression ( Hinz et al., 2012 ). The myofibroblast cytoskeleton...

... characterised, including the extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) 1 and 2. In a small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based high-throughput wound healing screen performed in A549 lung carcinoma cells, we identified ERK2 but not ERK1 as a strong mediator of HGF-induced motility. This finding was confirmed...

... MicroRNA miR-199a-3p siRNA 3′UTR Caveolin Cell cycle MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of small non-coding endogenous RNA molecules approximately 22 nucleotides in length. They are transcribed from genomic DNA as long primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs), which are then modified by RNase-III-type...

... regulation mediated by small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). More recent research, however, has identified new classes of RNAs and new regulatory mechanisms, expanding the known regulatory potential of small non-coding RNAs to encompass chromatin regulation. In this Commentary, we provide...

... in virus particles ( Fig. 8A ). This enrichment of virion-associated vRNA was reproducible in different settings, using different proviral strains and siRNA targets and being measured by different methods (data not shown). Indeed, using shRNA to deplete intracellular Staufen1 ( Fig. 1C ), we confirmed...

... Smoothened, Patched-1 and Gli2. Knockdown of the primary cilium by Ift88 and Ift20 siRNA or treatment with cyclopamine, an inhibitor of Smoothened, blocks hedgehog signaling in P19.CL6 cells, as well as differentiation of the cells into beating cardiomyocytes. E11.5 embryos of the Ift88 tm1Rpw (Ift88-null...

... kinase 1δ/ϵ Dishevelled Wnt-5a Dopaminergic neurons Non-canonical Wnt signalling siRNA The Wnt signalling pathway is a highly conserved biochemical pathway that is involved in a vast array of processes in both embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis (for reviews, see Huelsken...

... that colocalizes with PSD95. Over-expression of ARHGEF6, of PAK3 or constitutively active PAK3 did not alter spine morphology. By contrast, knockdown of ARHGEF6 using a siRNA approach resulted in abnormalities in spine morphology similar to those reported with knockdown of PAK3. This phenotype could be rescued...

... with microvascular disease in humans, we hypothesised that small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting this immediate-early gene may be useful agents that suppress endothelial growth and neovascularisation. Here we show that Jun siRNA inhibits Jun mRNA and protein expression in murine microvascular endothelial cells...

... protein-10 ( CHOP-10 ), mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( GPDmit ), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 ( SCD1 ). We also demonstrate that overexpression of two dominant negative mutants of the cAMP-response element-binding protein CREB (K-CREB and M1-CREB) and siRNA transfection, which disrupt...

..., silencing of RAMP1 in the endogenously expressing HEK293 cells using siRNA resulted in altered CaSR traffic. Taken together, our results show that the association with RAMPs is necessary and sufficient to transfer the immature CaSR retained in the ER towards the Golgi where it becomes fully glycosylated...

... phosphorylation of PECAM-1 as well as the serine phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS were abolished by the pre-treatment of cells with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP1 the phosphorylation of AMPK was unaffected. Down-regulation of PECAM-1 using a siRNA approach attenuated the shear-stress-induced phosphorylation...

... of RNA interference (RNAi) using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to define the roles of the best-characterized members of the RhoGTPase family, RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42, in the control of MMP-1, MMP-2 and type-I-collagen expression in normal human skin fibroblasts (HSFs). A specific and long-lasting...

...Jens Gruber; Tina Lampe; Mary Osborn; Klaus Weber FACE 1 is the endoprotease responsible for cleavage of prelamin A to lamin A. Transfection of HeLa cells with siRNA for human FACE 1 results in a strong phenotype. Protein and mRNA levels for FACE 1 are knocked down and cell division stops abruptly...

... abolished the influence of elastin-derived peptides (EDPs) on cell migration and tubulogenesis, thus favoring the involvement of MT1-MMP in such processes. To assess its contribution to EDP-mediated angiogenesis further, we used a small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach for specifically silencing MT1-MMP...

... their expression by culturing hippocampal neurons in the presence of antisense oligonucleotides or small interfering RNA duplexes (siRNAs). In the first set of experiments, hippocampal neurons kept in culture for 2 hours were incubated in the presence of Ror1 or Ror2 sense or antisense oligonucleotides...

... that had PHI-1 knocked down by siRNA ( Fig. 7B ). There was no noticeable difference between the distributions of microfilaments, making it unlikely that the effects of PHI-1 depletion were mediated by gross alteration of F-actin structures. We also examined the Ser/Thr phosphorylation status of several...

..., two genes code for isoforms of topo II, termed α and β. They are similar in primary structure and have almost identical catalytic properties in vitro. We transfected HeLa cells with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeted against either topo IIα or IIβ, and succeeded in knocking down the expression...

... aggregates, with self-perpetuating properties, by binding and converting PrP-sen molecules into a likeness of themselves. In the present report, we show that small interfering RNA (siRNA)duplexes trigger specific Prnp gene silencing in scrapie-infected neuroblastoma cells. A non-passaged, scrapie-infected...

... by the expression of a constitutively active Rac mutant. Moreover,repression of Rac1 synthesis with siRNA amplifies the ephrinA1-induced inhibition of spreading. Finally, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a lipid mediator known to inhibit Rac activation in VSMCs amplifies the ephrinA1 effect. In conclusion, our...