...-scale membrane dynamics Endothelium Transendothelial cell macroaperture Bacterial toxin Actin cytoskeleton References Aird , W. C. ( 2007 ). Vascular bed-specific thrombosis . J. Thromb. Haemost. 5 , 283 - 291 . 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02515.x Antonny , B...

.... , Frontini , A. , Zingaretti , M. C. , Morroni , M. , Giordano , A. , Smorlesi , A. , Perugini , J. , De Matteis , R. , Sbarbati , A. et al. ( 2012 ). The vascular endothelium of the adipose tissue gives rise to both white and brown fat cells . Cell Metab. 15 , 222...

... to histamine, thrombin and VEGF can be counteracted by AMPK phosphorylating cingulin at its head domain. Consequential binding of GEF-H1 to tight junctions protects vascular barrier function. Cingulin Tight junction AMPK Vascular barrier function Guanine nucleotide exchange factors Endothelium...

..., including rolling, adhesion, crawling, diapedesis and sub-endothelial crawling. Nowadays, the role of the endothelium in transmigration is increasingly appreciated. It has been established that leukocyte exit sites on the endothelium and in the pericyte layer are in fact not random but instead may...

... endothelium . Exp. Cell Res.   347 , 161 - 170 . 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.07.029 van Buul , J. D. , Geerts , D. and Huveneers , S. ( 2014 ). Rho GAPs and GEFs: controling switches in endothelial cell adhesion . Cell Adh. Migr.   8 , 108 - 124 . 10.4161/cam.27599 Van Geemen , D...

... the emerging role of ubiquitylation of specific proteins controlling endothelial integrity and inflammation. Endothelium Inflammation Ubiquitin The inner lining of all blood and lymphatic vessels is formed by a monolayer of vascular endothelial cells (ECs), which preserves integrity through...

...Valeria Prystopiuk; Benedikt Fels; Caroline Sophie Simon; Ivan Liashkovich; Dzmitry Pasrednik; Cornelius Kronlage; Roland Wedlich-Söldner; Hans Oberleithner; Johannes Fels ABSTRACT The vascular endothelium is exposed to three types of mechanical forces: blood flow-mediated shear stress, vessel...

... cells (HSPCs) use this pathway to migrate and home to the bone marrow. After selectin-mediated braking, HSPCs migrate on adhesion ligands presented by the vascular endothelium including ICAM-1, VCAM-1 or MAdCAM-1. Here, we report that both the KG1a stem cell line and primary bone marrow CD34 + HSPCs can...

... system. The endothelium can quickly deliver bioactive molecules by regulated exocytosis of its secretory granules, the Weibel−Palade bodies (WPBs). WPBs include proteins that initiate both haemostasis and inflammation, as well those that modulate blood pressure and angiogenesis. WPB formation is driven...

... of von Willebrand factor as tangled strings. Endocytosis Endothelium Weibel-Palade bodies Exocytosis Clathrin Dynamin Many cell types utilise regulated secretion as a means to release premade bioactive material from membranous carriers at the cell surface ( Burgoyne and Morgan, 2003...

...Liane Rauch; Kirsten Hennings; Claudia Trasak; Anja Röder; Barbara Schröder; Friedrich Koch-Nolte; Felix Rivera-Molina; Derek Toomre; Martin Aepfelbacher ABSTRACT Activation and invasion of the vascular endothelium by Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of sepsis and endocarditis...

... to thrombin supports our hypothesis that Trio activity is not only crucial for de novo assembly of adherens junctions, but also for reassembly of adherens junctions following inflammatory remodeling of the vascular endothelium. In addition, even apparently stable endothelial monolayers display ongoing...

... endothelium, the inner lining of blood vessels. Each step of this leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) process is regulated by distinct endothelial adhesion receptors such as the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). Adherent leukocytes exert force on these receptors, which sense mechanical cues...

... endothelium: role in barrier enhancement.   Cell. Signal.   21 , 1945 – 1960 . 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.09.002 Zhu   X. , Kim   J. L. , Newcomb   J. R. , Rose   P. E. , Stover   D. R. , Toledo   L. M. , Zhao   H. , Morgenstern   K. A. ( 1999 ). Structural analysis...

... and the endothelium. Leukocyte β2-integrins bind to endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), which allows leukocyte spreading, crawling and transendothelial migration. Leukocytes scan the vascular endothelium for permissive sites to transmigrate, which suggests that there is apical membrane...

...’ route) or through the inter-endothelial junctions (‘paracellular’ route). What determines the loci or route of breaching events is an open question with important implications for overall barrier regulation. We hypothesized that basic biomechanical properties of the endothelium might serve as crucial...

...Clara Aicart-Ramos; Lucía Sánchez-Ruiloba; Mónica Gómez-Parrizas; Carlos Zaragoza; Teresa Iglesias; Ignacio Rodríguez-Crespo ABSTRACT Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates key functions of the endothelium, such as angiogenesis or vessel repair in processes involving endothelial nitric...

... – 472 . 10.1038/35074532 Barakat   A. I. ( 1999 ). Responsiveness of vascular endothelium to shear stress: potential role of ion channels and cellular cytoskeleton.   Int. J. Mol. Med.   4 , 323 – 332 . Barbee   K. A. , Mundel   T. , Lal   R. , Davies   P. F. ( 1995...

... ) 10 7 2012 © 2012. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2012 Angiogenesis Circulatory flow Endothelium VEGF Vascular development Zebrafish Blood and lymphatic circulatory networks enable survival and homeostasis ( Adams and Alitalo, 2007 ; Xu and Cleaver, 2011...

... Atomic force microscopy Bis-oxonol Cell stiffness Electrical membrane potential Endothelium Vascular endothelial cells line the interior surface of blood vessels and are, hence, directly subjected to the physical forces exerted by the flow of blood and blood pressure ( Ali and Schumacker...