... and thus the promotion of autophagosome biogenesis ( Lubas et al., 2018 ). Interestingly, in B cells, the polyamine spermidine post-translationally modifies EIF5A by adding the unusual amino acid hypusine ( Zhang et al., 2019a ). Hypusinated EIF5A is required for the translation of hard-to-read motifs...

... irregularly shaped nucleolus. These morphological alterations are consistent with changes to nucleolar phase separation properties. Re-organization of the nucleolar structure was correlated with enhanced rRNA production and protein translation. Inhibition of mTOR signaling with rapamycin perturbed nucleolar...

... compartmentalize translation quality control, they should be enriched in a translationally arrested RNC, a translation quality control-specific substrate ( Brandman et al., 2012 ; Navickas et al., 2020 ). An arrested RNC was generated on a URA3 mRNA with a self-cleaving hammerhead ribozyme inserted into its...

... regulated. We identify the methyltransferase SETD2 as a negative regulator of global protein synthesis rates and cell size. SETD2 Histone methyltransferase Translation Cell size Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003246 NWO-VICI...

... , 2673 - 2683 . 10.1091/mbc.e08-10-1061 Mollet , S. , Cougot , N. , Wilczynska , A. , Dautry , F. , Kress , M. , Bertrand , E. and Weil , D. ( 2008 ). Translationally repressed mRNA transiently cycles through stress granules during stress . Mol. Biol. Cell 19...

... of Col1a1 mRNA. Translation of collagen polypeptides occurs in the ER, where the polypeptide chains are translationally and post-translationally modified to form the triple helix ( Malhotra and Erlmann, 2015 ; Sharma et al., 2017 ; Zhang and Stefanovic, 2016 ). To examine the effects...

... including protein biosynthesis and transcription, and dedicated follow-up experiments highlight the importance of accurate transcriptional and translational control for mitigating protein aggregation and toxicity during arsenite stress. Some of the hits are associated with pathological conditions...

... synthesis is an intricate process governed by upstream signalling pathways. Eukaryotic translation is a multistep process and can be separated into four distinct phases: initiation, elongation, termination and recycling of ribosomal subunits. Translation initiation, the focus of this article, is highly...

... from consequences of defects in membrane proteins, quality control systems act to maintain protein homeostasis. The majority of these pathways act post-translationally; however, recent evidence reveals that membrane proteins are also subject to co-translational quality control during their synthesis...

... is translationally controlled. Polysome analyses in this study showed that global translation, translation discrimination and the mTOR-dependent regulation of translation initiation and elongation phases are distinct in resting and activated T cells, consistent with the increasingly appreciated complexity...

... in the 5′ leaders of a motif containing almost exclusively purines (R-motif) in translationally upregulated mRNAs during A. thaliana responses to microbial peptides ( Xu et al., 2017 ). In addition, plant viruses encode adenosine-rich enhancers, such as the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) Ω-leader...

... granules. Knockdown of OTUD4 in HeLa cells resulted in defects in stress granule formation and led to apoptotic cell death. Together, we characterize OTUD4 as a new RNA-binding protein with a suggested function in regulation of translation. * Present address: Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences...

... directly through regulation of local protein synthesis ( Bramham and Wells, 2007 ; Sutton and Schuman, 2006 ). It is thought that synaptic mRNAs are transported in a translationally dormant state via interactions with RNA-binding proteins. Following synaptic stimulation, local mRNA translation...

... defined SGs are composed of translation initiation factors, 40S ribosomes, RNA-binding proteins and poly(A) + mRNAs. As such, they represent an important compartment for storage of mRNAs and regulation of their translation. Emerging work on SGs indicates that these structures might promote cellular...

...Vilte Stonyte; Erik Boye; Beáta Grallert ABSTRACT It is generally accepted that global translation varies during the cell cycle and is low during mitosis. However, addressing this issue is challenging because it involves cell synchronization, which evokes stress responses that, in turn, affect...

.... It therefore appears that most of the non-localized mRNA molecules are translationally silent. In fact, transported mRNAs, such as β-actin mRNA in neurons, are known to exist in a masked and translationally inactive state ( Buxbaum et al., 2014 ). Recent work has shown that localized mRNAs are co-transported...

... non-canonical amino acid labelling and click chemistry. This allows visualisation of the translational output in different mitochondria within a cell, their position within that cell and a comparison of mitochondrial translation between cells. The most highly translationally active mitochondria were...

... with the cloverleaf structure of the EV71 RNA 5′UTR to inhibit viral RNA transcription, and binds to the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of the EV71 5′UTR to attenuate viral RNA translation. Thus, EV71 stimulates SIRT1 production and activity, which in turn represses EV71 genome replication by inhibiting viral...

...Jirapas Jongjitwimol; Robert A. Baldock; Simon J. Morley; Felicity Z. Watts ABSTRACT Regulation of protein synthesis is crucial for cells to maintain viability and to prevent unscheduled proliferation that could lead to tumorigenesis. Exposure to stress results in stalling of translation, with many...

... of spermatocytes and spermatids ( Paronetto and Sette, 2010 ; Nguyen-Chi and Morello, 2011 ; Idler and Yan, 2012 ; Kleene, 2013 ). Many mRNA transcribed in spermatocytes and round spermatids are stored in a translationally inactive state for several days to more than two weeks, before their protein products can...