... and function have come from their study in the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum , an organism often used to study signal transduction mechanisms involved with eukaryotic cell movement and differentiation. In this organism, studies of the atypical MAPK have uncovered significant roles in directed cell movement...

.... Rho GTPase Signal transduction Trio family Cytoskeleton Neurodevelopmental disorders Cell morphogenesis Trio family proteins are key regulators of cell motility and morphogenesis, tissue development, and protein trafficking and secretion in numerous biological contexts, including...

... Differentiation Signal transduction p63, also known as Trp63 (transformation related protein 63), TP63 (tumor protein 63) or AIS (amplified in squamous cell carcinoma), is a member of the p53 family of transcription factors, which also includes p73 ( Botchkarev and Flores, 2014 ; Soares and Zhou, 2018...

... of differentiation 3 (CD3) complex. The spatial organization of the TCR–CD3 complex in the membrane is thought to be a key regulatory element of signal transduction, raising the question of how receptor clustering impacts on TCR triggering. How signal transduction at the TCR–CD3 complex encodes the quality...

... tyrosine kinase that regulates various cell functions. We provide the first evidence that Sp1 regulates c-Abl transcription. Conversely, c-Abl modulates Sp1 via ERK1/2. c-Abl Sp1 Smooth muscle Signal transduction Proliferation c-Abl (Abelson tyrosine kinase, Abl) is a non-receptor...

... GPCR G protein Signal transduction Opsin Non-mammalian vertebrates employ Opn4, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for extraocular photoreception ( Beaulé et al., 2003 ). Photo-isomerization of chromophore-retinal in Opn4 induces its activation and governs downstream signaling by activating...

... for signal transduction. We further discuss how signaling specificities are maintained through modules at which signals converge, with a focus on SERK-mediated receptor signaling. Besides LRR-RLKs, some RLKs from very distinct subfamilies have also been found to regulate plant development in response...

... before it undergoes lysosome-mediated degradation leads to a high level of Smo accumulation, which is activated independently of ligand stimulation. ESCRT Hh Smo Vps20 Vps32 Signal transduction Hedgehog (Hh) signaling controls organ development, tissue homeostasis and body patterning...

... of the EGFR, thereby altering cellular sensitivity to ligand. Signal transduction RTK endocytosis ShcA ShcD EGFR AP2 Clathrin-mediated endocytosis NES Ubiquitin Cbl Proteins of the Src homology and collagen (Shc) family are best characterised as phosphotyrosine adaptors in signal...

... triggers PTCH1-, SMO-, RhoA- and ROCK-dependent signal transduction pathways to promote neuronal survival after cessation of the major morphogenetic events during mouse cerebellar development. CHL1-deficient mice ( Montag-Sallaz et al., 2002 ), which had been back-crossed onto the C57BL/6J background...

... hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α)-dependent and -independent pathways in PTEN-deficient breast cancer cells. Breast cancer Ca 2+ Hypoxia Akt PTEN TRPC1 Signal transduction The microenvironment of breast tumours is dynamic and can be a key factor in contributing to breast cancer...

... substrates to achieve precise spatio-temporal control of ubiquitin signals within a specific biological pathway. Deubiquitinase Deubiquitylase Signal transduction Ubiquitylation Post-translational attachment of ubiquitin, or ubiquitylation, controls most intracellular processes, including...

...-synthase, Ca 2+ signals and redox changes. Mitochondria Ca 2+ signaling Redox signaling β-cells Signal transduction The total pancreatic β-cells mass constitute a small endocrine tissue that is organized, together with other endocrine cells, in islets of Langerhans, which are dispersed...

... of this domain recapitulates key aspects of Cx43 conditional deletion in bone. Gap junction Osteoblast Osteocyte Signal transduction Intercellular communication Cx43 K258Stop Gap junctions are transmembrane pores formed between two cells that allow for the direct passage of small molecules...

... CD36 exists in nanoclusters enriched with the downstream effector Fyn when unligated; multivalent ligands enhance the clusters and activate Fyn, bypassing de novo recruitment of Fyn to the clusters. CD36 Receptor and membrane biology Signal transduction Src-family kinase Super-resolution...

... and hippocampal GABAergic neurons, and that 5-HT2c receptor phosphorylation and its association with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and β-arrestin 2 is regulated by CHL1. Our results demonstrate that CHL1 regulates signal transduction pathways through constitutively active 5-HT2c receptor isoforms, thereby...

... Highlighted Article: The STIM1-interacting protein junctate generates Ca 2+ hotspots that boost phagocytosis independently of STIM1 by promoting Ca 2+ release from ER stores rather than by gating phagosomal Ca 2+ channels. Ca 2+ Capacitive calcium entry Ion channel Junctate Signal transduction...

... by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2015 Summary: A new dispensable site in the Kv7.2 channel affects its regulation by CaM, such that its function can be rescued by CaM when one of the other two CaM-interaction sites is impaired. Calmodulin PIP 2 KCNQ M-current Signal transduction Kv7.2...

... receptor signal transduction . Sci. STKE   2001 , re21 . 10.1126/stke.2001.112.re21 Mizushima , N. , Yoshimori , T. and Levine , B. ( 2010 ). Methods in mammalian autophagy research . Cell   140 , 313 - 326 . 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.028 Monvoisin , A. , Alva , J...

... of differentiated Dictyostelium discoideum cells to investigate whether localized receptor stimuli can induce the spreading of excitable waves in the G-protein-dependent signal transduction system. By imaging the spatiotemporal dynamics of fluorescent markers for phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP 3...