... of internal lysine residues (lysine acetylation) or acetylation of the α-amino group at the N-terminal amino acid residue (N-terminal acetylation). Although the former modification is considered a classic epigenetic mark, the biological importance of N-terminal acetylation has been mostly overlooked...

... Summary: This Review discusses the ‘nuclear calcium hypothesis’ in the context of human brain function, the role of nuclear Ca 2+ in controlling diverse forms of neuroadaptation and neuroprotection, and its dysregulation in disease. Alzheimer's disease Autophagy CREB signaling Epigenetics...

... organization using lac operator/repressor recognition . J. Cell Biol. 135 , 1685 - 1700 . 10.1083/jcb.135.6.1685 Rossetto , D. , Avvakumov , N. and Côté , J. ( 2012 ). Histone phosphorylation: a chromatin modification involved in diverse nuclear events . Epigenetics 7 , 1098...

... attributed. Summary: Histone variants change the structural properties of nucleosomes by wrapping more or less DNA, altering nucleosome stability or carrying out specialized functions. Chromatin Epigenetics Replacement histones Eukaryotic chromatin is organized by nucleosomes, which...

...Yoko Hayashi-Takanaka; Yuto Kina; Fumiaki Nakamura; Leontine E. Becking; Yoichi Nakao; Takahiro Nagase; Naohito Nozaki; Hiroshi Kimura ABSTRACT Post-translational modifications on histones can be stable epigenetic marks or transient signals that can occur in response to internal and external...

... to epigenetic modifications. Here, we screened a small library of epigenetic small-molecule modulators to identify compounds capable of inhibiting or reversing TGFβ-mediated fibroblast activation. We identified pracinostat, an HDAC inhibitor, as a potent attenuator of lung fibroblast activation and confirmed...

... by reinforcing the accessibility of substrates to the C-terminal cysteine-rich dioxygenase domain of Tet2, leading to the activation of a group of oncogene expression. Our findings provide a new model of Tet regulation, indicating a potential role of the MBD3–Tet2 axis in the epigenetic control of tumorigenesis...

... factor NF-κB. The epigenetic mechanism underlying LPS-induced pro-inflammatory transcription is not fully understood. Herein, we describe a role for myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A, also known as MKL1) in this process. MRTF-A overexpression enhanced NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory...

...) is the main intermediate filament in astrocytes and is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms during development. We demonstrate that histone acetylation also controls GFAP expression in mature astrocytes. Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) with trichostatin A or sodium butyrate reduced GFAP expression...

... of deacetylase, kinase and phosphatase signaling activities. The localized signaling gradients established by targeted O -GlcNAc cycling influence many important cellular processes, including lipid droplet remodeling, mitochondrial functioning, epigenetic control of gene expression and proteostasis...

... cells Epigenetics Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD, OMIM 158900) is the third most common muscular dystrophy, exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance and has no cure ( Cabianca and Gabellini, 2010 ). FSHD typically arises with a reduction of facial and shoulder girdle muscle mass...

... ecotropic viral integration site-1) increase upon RA treatment of WT, but not RARγ −/− cells. In contrast, Stra8, Dleu7, Leftb, Pitx2, and Cdx1 mRNAs are induced by RA even in the absence of RARγ. Mapping of the epigenetic signature of Meis1 revealed that RA induces a rapid increase in the H3K9/K14ac...

... is provided by vernalization, which refers to the acquisition of the ability to flower after prolonged exposure to cold. In Arabidopsis thaliana , vernalization involves downregulation and epigenetic silencing of the gene encoding the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). This epigenetic silencing...

... © 2012. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2012 Amphiregulin Differentiation EGFR Epidermis Epigenetics ERK1/2 Filaggrin Keratinocyte The aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT or HIF1β) is a basic helix-loop-helix protein that belongs to a Period–ARNT...

... lineage characteristics including the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate NSC self-renewal and lineage commitment in adult neurogenesis. The Qkf–GFP BAC construct used for the generation of transgenic mice was generated by homologous recombination in Escherichia coli using the method...

... to their chromatin environment, but appear to be critically sensitive to the level of centromeric transcription. References Allshire R. C. , Karpen G. H. ( 2008 ). Epigenetic regulation of centromeric chromatin: old dogs, new tricks? Nat. Rev. Genet. 9 , 923 - 937 . Alonso...

.... , Luo J. , et al . ( 2007 ). SIRT1 transgenic mice show phenotypes resembling calorie restriction . Aging Cell 6 , 759 - 767 . Borrelli E. , Nestler E. J. , Allis C. D. , Sassone-Corsi P. ( 2008 ). Decoding the epigenetic language of neuronal plasticity . Neuron...

.... 2010 Neural stem cells Dicer MicroRNAs Epigenetics Apoptosis Differentiation The precise regulation of proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitors is crucial for proper formation of the mammalian cerebral cortex during...

... of drug addition is a deterministic decision. Fluorescence microscopy Protease Caspase Lineage Epigenetics Apoptosis is a form of cell death that eliminates unwanted or harmful cells ( Ellis et al., 1991 ). It is characterized by the activation of caspases ( Salvesen and Dixit, 1997 ; Yuan...

...Li Luo; Katherine L. Gassman; Lydia M. Petell; Christian L. Wilson; Joerg Bewersdorf; Lindsay S. Shopland Chromatin adapts a distinct structure and epigenetic state in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), but how chromatin is three-dimensionally organized within the ESC nucleus is poorly understood...